【作者】 李静；

【导师】 刘晔；

【作者基本信息】 北京体育大学 ， 运动人体科学， 2018， 硕士

【摘要】 研究目的为了解运动表面材质会对人体运动过程中的神经-肌肉调节机制产生何种影响,本研究综合应用生物力学的动力学和运动学方法以及表面肌电技术,探讨在不同材质运动表面跑步时人体神经-肌肉系统的调节机制,以及肌肉调谐在预防运动损伤方面的作用机制,并且为跑步运动中场地的挑选问题提出合理化建议。研究方法选取14名普通男性大学生为研究对象,让其在跑步机、柏油马路、塑胶跑道、草地上以规定步频跑步。同步实时采集受试者在这四种运动表面跑步时的肌电、胫骨加速度数值和跑步视频。分析受试者在这四种运动表面跑步时的肌电信号(积分肌电和均方根振幅)和下肢所受冲击力的变化特征,并对拍摄的视频进行二维解析。研究结果1在不同材质运动表面跑步时,下肢所受与地面垂直方向上的冲击力无统计学差异;而与胫骨长轴方向垂直的前后、左右方向的加速度值与运动表面硬度呈反比。2在四种不同材质运动表面跑步时的下肢刚度值呈现地面硬度越大,下肢刚度值越小的变化趋势。3在跑步机跑步时的肌肉均方根振幅(rms)和积分肌电(iEMG)值普遍低于其他三种运动表面,在另外三种运动表面上的肌电数据普遍呈现地面硬度越大,肌电数值(rms和iEMG)越大的变化趋势。4下肢肌肉受到最大冲击后50ms的肌电信号(rms和iEMG)普遍高于受冲击前50ms。5下肢肌肉受到最大冲击后的第100-200ms的肌肉振动频率明显低于受冲击后第0-10Oms的肌肉振动频率。研究结论与建议1运动表面的材质,尤其是地面硬度会影响人体运动中的下肢刚度值,地面硬度越大,下肢刚度越小。2运动表面材质会影响肌肉活动状况,地面硬度越大,肌肉活化程度越高。3人体在受到冲击后,会出现肌肉放电量(RMS、iEMG)和肌肉振动频率的明显改变。4人体在运动中存在肌肉调谐现象,在运动过程中人体会根据地面条件和着地状况进行一系列自我调谐,避免运动损伤。5人体在跑步机跑步时的肌肉活动状况与在一般地面跑步时存在较大差异。6建议避免在硬度过高的场地跑步,防止反复冲击对关节和肌肉造成损伤。在不同材质运动表面跑步时,应注意调整健身策略,防止运动损伤。更多还原

【Abstract】 PurposeIt is found that there are relatively few studies on the effects of the surface materials on the mechanism of neural-muscular regulation in the movement of the body.This study integrated application of biomechanics of dynamics and kinematics methods and methods of electric technology,to discuss the changes of muscle tuning and the stiffness of lower limbs in the course of the running of different sports surfaces(treadmill,asphalt road,plastic runway,grassland).Understanding the mechanism of neuromuscular regulation during running on different sports surfaces,and the mechanism of muscule tuning in preventing sports injury.And to put forward rationalization suggestions for the selection of the venue in running exercise.MethodsFourteen average male college students were selected to run on treadmill,asphalt road,plastic runway and grassland at a fixed pace.In real time,the sEMG were collected during running on the four sports surfaces,and the acceleration value of the tibial bone was collected,and the subjects’running video was synchronized.This paper analyzed the changes of the electromyography(the integral electromyography and the mean square amplitude)and the changes of the tibial acceleration data during the running of the four sports surfaces,and analyzed the two dimensional analysis of video.Results1.There was no statistical difference in the impact of the axial direction of the tibial shaft on the lower extremities during the running of different materials.The acceleration value of the lower extremity in the front and left direction of the asphalt road,the plastic runway and the grass is the higher the surface hardness,the smaller the acceleration value is..2.The stiffness of the lower limb of the treadmill was significantly higher than that of other sports surfaces.The stiffness of the lower limb in the asphalt road,plastic runway and grassland shows the higher ground hardness,and the lower limb stiffness value tends to change.3.The RMS and iEMG values of the treadmill running were generally lower than those of the other three surfaces.On the other three kinematics,the EMG data generally showed the higher the hardness of the ground,the greater the change of the olectromyography(RMS and iEMG)4.The EMG data(RMS and iEMG)of the lower extremity muscles were more than 50ms before the shock.5.The muscle vibration frequency of the first 100-200ms after the maximum of the muscle acceleration was significantly lower than the muscle vibration frequency of the 0-100ms after the maximum of the muscle acceleration.Conclusion and Suggestion1.The material of the sport surface,especially the hardness of the ground,can affect the stiffness of lower limb in human running.Generally speaking,the larger the surface hardness,the lower the lower limb stiffness.2 The surface texture can affect the muscle activity condition.The higher the surface hardness,the higher the degree of muscle activation.3 When the human body is affected,it can produce a significant change in the frequency of muscle discharge and muscle vibration.4 In the movement.,the human body has a muscle tuning phenomenon,and in the process of the movement,people will be able to make a series of self-tuning according to the ground conditions and landing conditions to avoid sports injuries.5 The muscle activity of the human body during running and the regulation of the stiffness of lower limb are different from that of normal ground running.6 It is reconmended that you avoid running on a site with high hardness to prevent repeated impact on joints and muscles.When running on different material sports surfaces,you should adjust your fitness strategy to prevent damage.更多还原