【作者】 潘伟；

【导师】 霍地；

【作者基本信息】 东北大学 ， 材料工程（专业学位）， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 随着现代工业技术与生产向微观和多维的发展需要,不同种类的探测器已广泛的应用于能源、电子、医疗、工业制造及国防安全等领域。碲化镉是一种有较大的禁带宽度和较高的原子序数的半导体化合物,因此碲化镉具有特殊的光电性能和红外光学特征。采用高精度的晶体生长技术和溅射技术制备的碲化镉成本高、存在各类缺陷,合成微细纳米级别的纯相颗粒有助于解决这一困难,因此制备符合探测器需求的微细纳米级别的纯相碲化镉具有实用意义。本文探索性研究了在水合胼为还原剂的条件下用水热方法改变反应物化学计量比、水热反应温度、水热反应时间、煅烧处理、原反应物等条件进行设置来促进化合物的反应过程。在没食子酸(GA)和水合肼为还原剂下,改变水热反应时间、没食子酸的量探索碲化镉的制备条件,获得所需的形貌和性能。另外,放电等离子烧结(SPS)制备并表征多晶碲化镉陶瓷。主要的研究内容及结果如下:1.采用水热法以水合肼为还原剂改变反应物的化学计量比、水合肼的量、水热反应时间、水热反应温度、初始反应物制备CdTe粉体,并对粉体进行煅烧处理。用场发射扫描电子显微镜,X射线粉末衍射仪进行了表征。结果表明,水热反应制备了以碲化镉为主相的产物粉体。水热反应制备的粉体没有固定规则的形貌,颗粒较小,主要多颗粒聚集状态。2.采用水合肼为还原剂的基础上加入GA。在控制水热反应时间、GA的量条件下控制实验条件制备CdTe粉体。结果表明,GA的加入促进了水热合成CdTe粉体,制备了纯相的CdTe粉体。水热反应制备的CdTe粉体颗粒表面光滑,尺寸减小,分布均匀化。3.采用SPS烧结CdTe陶瓷片,使用红外光谱仪、场发射扫描电子显微镜,X射线粉末衍射仪进行了表征。结果表明,烧结过程没有物相的转变。在700℃烧结制备CdTe多晶陶瓷密度最大。CdTe多晶陶瓷晶粒生长粗大,断裂方式为穿晶断裂。更多还原

【Abstract】 Along with the development of modern industrial technology and production to the micro and multi-dimensional,different kinds of detectors have been widely used in energy,electronics,medical,industrial manufacturing and national defense security,etc.CdTe is a semiconductor compound with high band gap and high atomic number,so CdTe has special photoelectric properties and infrared optical properties.Nowadays,we adopt high accuracy of the crystal growth and sputtering technology for preparing CdTe,but it is along with high cost and presence of impurity defects.There are still many difficulties and challenges for the preparation of pure phase particles with fine nano scale,so the difficulty of the pure phase CdTe with the requirement of the detector is difficult.In this paper,CdTe was prepared by hydrothermal method with hydrazine hydrate and changing the chemical stoichiometric ratio,hydrothermal reaction temperature,hydrothermal reaction time,calcination process,and initial reactant to promote the reaction of CdTe.Using GA and hydrazine hydrate as reducing agent and changing the hydrothermal reaction time and the amount of GA to explore the preparation conditions of CdTe to obtain new morphology and properties of CdTe.In addition,we have prepared polycrystalline CdTe ceramics by spark plasma sintering system(SPS).What is more,we have characterized this polycrystalline CdTe ceramics to try out its characteristicsThe main research contents and results are as follows:1.Using hydrazine hydrate as reducing agent.Changing the stoichiometry of the reactants ratio,hydrazine hydrate,hydrothermal reaction time,hydrothermal reaction temperature and initial reactant of preparing CdTe powder,and the powder is processed by burning to obtain new morphology and properties of CdTe.The characterizations of CdTe powders was carried out by X-ray powder diffraction instrument and field emission scanning electron microscope.The results show that we prepared powders CdTe as the main phase by hydrothermal reaction.The powders prepared by hydrothermal reaction has no morphology of fixed rules,and particles are small,and particles gathered together.2.The hydrazine hydrate and GA were used as reducing agent.CdTe powders were prepared under the control of hydrothermal reaction time and amount of GA.The results showed that the addition of GA could promote the hydrothermal synthesis of CdTe powder.What is more,The pure phase CdTe powder is prepared.The CdTe powders prepared were smooth with smaller size.The distribution was uniform.3.We used SPS to sinter CdTe ceramic pieces.The powders was characterized by infrared spectrometer,field emission scanning electron microscope and X-ray powder diffraction instrument.The results showed that there was no phase transition in the SPS process..CdTe polycrystalline ceramic sintered at 700℃ has the largest density.The CdTe crystal particles is large,and the fracture mode is transcrystalline rupture.更多还原