【作者】 魏巍；

【导师】 朴玉；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 外国语言学及应用语言学， 2018， 硕士

【摘要】 随着全球经济一体化的推进,有关政治竞选的新闻开始迅速发展,并已成为报纸和电视新闻的主流。近几年来,国内外对政治竞选新闻报道的研究也随之日益增多。美国时间2016年11月9日凌晨2点,在经过漫长的等待之后,总统大选终于尘埃落,美国共和党总统参选人唐纳德·特朗普在不被看好的情况下,选情一路飙升,战胜了民主党参选人、前国务卿希拉里·克林顿赢得总统大选,成为第四十五任美国总统。在大选期间,世界各国新闻媒体的报道一度成为了公众热议的话题。虽然各国报道政治竞选新闻的内容整体相似,但仍存在诸多差异。究其原因有媒体体制和新闻工作者写作风格上的不尽相同,当然更多是文化背景的千差万别。高低语境文化这一概念最早是由美国人类学家爱德华·T·霍尔(Edward T Hall)提出的,其目的是为了根据高低语境的差异来说明世界文化的多样性。根据文化中主流交际方式,霍尔将不同文化划分为高语境文化和低语境文化。文化维度理论是荷兰心理学家吉尔特·霍夫斯泰德(Geert Hofstede)提出的用来衡量不同国家文化差异的一个框架。他认为文化是在一个环境下人们共同拥有的心理程序,能将一群人与其他人区分开来。通过研究,他将不同文化间的差异归纳为五个基本的文化价值观维度,即权力距离,不确定性的规避,个人主义与集体主义,男性气质与女性气质以及长期取向与短期取向。作者以爱德华·霍尔的文化语境理论和霍夫斯泰德的文化维度理论为依托,选用最具代表性的三家新闻报纸,分别为《人民日报》、《金融时报》和《泰晤士报》,报道时间为2016年5月到2017年8月,并以前两份的新闻报纸为主,后一份为辅,研究中英两国媒体报道2016年美国总统竞选事件的差异,即:(1)以以爱德华·霍尔的文化语境理论为基础,《人民日报》、《金融时报》和《泰晤士报》在报道2016年美国总统竞选事件有何差异?(2)以吉尔特·霍夫斯泰德的文化维度理论为基础,《人民日报》、《金融时报》和《泰晤士报》在报道2016年美国总统竞选事件有何差异?本文通过个案研究和描述性研究,就中英两国在政治竞选新闻报道的区别得出如下结论:首先,就高低语境而言,《人民日报》在向公众传达信息时使用谨慎的话语和合理的态度,相比之下,英国《金融时报》和《泰晤士报》在向公众传达有效信息时,直截了当地表明了自己的态度;其次,从权力距离指数这一维度来看,《人民日报》的新闻强调国家的体制性和权威性,而英国的《金融时报》和《泰晤士报》会对官员和政府提出质疑和批评;再次,在不确定性回避指数这一方面,《人民日报》更强调政治权威在人民生活中的主导作用,《金融时报》和《金融时报》则认为政府应为社会的自由发展提供环境;另外,从个人-集体关系来看,《人民日报》的报道充分关注世界的共同发展,呼吁社会和谐,而《金融时报》和《泰晤士报》更关注个人利益;再者,至于性别气质这一维度,《人民日报》将中国描绘成一个积极、宽容和谦逊的国家,《金融时报》和《泰晤士报》的报道说明英国主要从公众角度出发,强调满足公众的利益:最后,对于时间轴这一维度来说,《人民日报》的报道除了立足于竞选新闻本身外,也倾向于对竞选后的国际形势进行分析与预测;而《金融时报》和《泰晤士报》重点关注竞选新闻的事实并进行相关数据的报道。通过中英两国对2016年美国总统竞选新闻报道的对比分析,得出结论:中英两国在文化方面的差异导致其语言表述方面也具有一定差异。据此,本研究有助于从跨文化的角度帮助了解对方国家的文化表述和文化内涵,同时,这对我国报纸的对外传播也具有一定的借鉴意义。本论文只是个人的浅显研究,谨希望能够对此提供一点点借鉴性意见和参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the advancing of global economic integration,the rapid development of political campaign news has become a mainstream content of newspapers and TV news.In recent years,research on political campaign news reports at home and abroad has increased day by day.After a long wait,the US presidential election has finally fallen into dust after a long wait at 2: 00 a.m.on November 9,2016 in the United States.Donald Trump,the Republican presidential candidate in the United States,has soared to beat the Democratic candidate,former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton,to win the presidential election and became the 45 th president of the United States.During the process of presidential election,the coverage by the world’s news media became a hot topic of public debate.But there are still many differences,among which there are many differences in media system and journalists’ writing styles,and there are also many cultural differences at the same time.The concept of high and low context culture was first put forward by American anthropologist Edward T.Hall,which is mainly used for explaining the diversity of world culture according to the difference of high and low context.Basing on that,Hall divided different cultures into high context culture and low context culture.Cultural Dimension Theory was proposed by Dutch psychologist Geert Hofstede.He considered that different countries have different cultures and culture is a psychological process that people possess in one environment,which successfully distinguish a group of people from others.Through his research,he divided the differences between cultures into five basic cultural value dimensions,namely,Power Distance,Uncertainty Avoidance,Individualism and Collectivism,Masculinity and Femininity and Long-term and Short-term Orientation.Author refers to Edward T.Hall’s cultural context model and Geert Hofstede’s culture dimensions to form a theatrical framework and selects three representative newspapers: People’s Daily,the Financial Times,and the Times,dated from May,2016 to March,2017.Analyses are mainly focused on the first two newspapers,while the other one is added as the supplement.Meanwhile,researches were accordingly made on the disparities in 2016 American presidential election coverage between Chinese and the British newspapers,that is:(1)What are the differences amongPeople’s Daily,the Financial Times and the Times in reporting the American Presidential Election in 2006 based on Hall’s cultural context model?(2)What are the differences among People’s Daily,the Financial Times and the Times in reporting the American Presidential Election in 2006 based on Hofstede’s cultural dimensions?On the basis of case analysis and descriptive analysis,this paper draws the following conclusions on the differences between Chinese and British political campaign news reports: Firstly,the difference between high context and low context,People’s Daily used the prudent words and took reasonable attitudes in conveying information to the public.In contrast,both the Financial Times and the Times have made their attitudes clear in delivering effective messages to the public.Secondly,the influence of the power distance index is reflected in: the news of People’s Daily emphasizes the system and authority of the state,and the reports of the Financial Times and the Times will challenge or even criticize the officials and the government.Thirdly,the influence of uncertainty avoidance index in People’s Daily emphasizes the leading role of political authority in people’s life.On the contrary,the Financial Times and Times believe that the government should provide the environment for the development of social freedom.Then,as far as the relationship between the individual and the group,People’s Daily pays full attention to the common development of the world and calls for social harmony.The Financial Times and the Times are more concerned with the personal interests and developments.Next,as for gender orientation,People’s Daily’s report portrays China as a positive,tolerant and humble country.The Financial Times and the Times,on the other hand,emphasize the satisfaction of rights and interests from a public perspective.Finally,from the perspective of time horizon,People’s Daily’s report not only based on the election news itself,but also tends to analyze and predict the international situation after the election campaign,on the contrary,The Financial Times and the Times focus on facts and data on campaign news.Through the analysis and comparison between China and Britain in the 2016 American presidential news reports,we can draw the conclusion that,the cultural differences between China and Britain lead to some differences in language expression.Accordingly,this study provides the public better understanding for each other’s cultural expressions and cultural connotations from the perspective of cross-culture.And this paper is a simple research on my individual,I sincerely hope that it can provide a little bit advice and reference.更多还原