【作者】 杨光；

【导师】 王广慧；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 企业管理， 2018， 硕士

【摘要】 随着农业现代化生产的发展,农村大量劳动力被农业机械所代替,从而造成农村剩余劳动力大量外流,从事非农业工作。然而,由于农民工具有受教育程度低、职业技能匮乏的特点,使得大部分农民工只能从事一些体力劳动或低技能的工作。因此,劳动力市场上一方面存在着大量技能不足的剩余劳动力,另一方面企业技能型员工需求得不到满足,从而导致“用工荒”问题严重。这不仅不利于劳动者个体增加收入和企业的持续发展,而且也严重影响着我国城市化进程。有学者通过研究表明,培训可以提高农民工的技能,进而有利于农民工收入的提高,并加快我国城市化进程,但是也有学者认为培训并不能像教育那样能够有效地提高农民工的收入。因此,进一步深入探究培训对收入的作用机制,探讨培训在什么条件下能够发挥提高农民工收入的作用,具有一定的理论意义和现实意义。技能—工作匹配作为人力资源领域中人岗匹配的评价指标之一,为我们提供了一个新的视角来探讨培训对收入的影响。通过文献回顾可以发现关于技能—工作匹配可以从两个角度来加以界定,一是从相关性的角度来定义,即是指个体是否拥有与其所从事的工作相关的人力资本;二是从胜任力要素的角度来定义,即是指个体是否拥有做好其所从事的工作的能力。本文从相关性的角度对技能—工作匹配进行定义,进而从技能—工作匹配的视角来探究培训对收入的影响。基于前人的研究结果,本文构建了培训、技能—工作匹配和收入的理论模型,并在此基础上提出了本文的研究假设。在实证研究方面,本文基于中山大学社会科学调查中心主持的中国劳动力动态调查(CLDS)数据,以农民工为研究对象,运用相关分析和回归分析的统计分析方法检验了培训、技能—工作匹配以及收入三者之间的相互关系。通过实证研究发现,培训与农民工技能—工作匹配呈现显著正相关,与农民工收入呈现显著正相关。此外,研究结果还表明技能—工作匹配在培训和农民工收入之间起着部分中介作用。结合上述的研究结论,本文认为培训是农民工技能—工作匹配和工资性收入有效的预测变量,该结论对于农民工自身、政府、企业有一定的启示意义。最后,本文指出了本研究所存在的局限性并给出了未来的研究发展方向。本文的创新之处在于将技能—工作匹配这一概念与当前农民工培训的收入效应问题联系在一起,将培训、技能—工作匹配和收入放在一个理论框架中进行研究,试图从技能—工作匹配这一视角来揭示培训对收入的作用机制。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of modern agricultural production,a large number of rural labor force is replaced by machinery,resulting in a large amount of outflow of surplus rural labor and engaged in non-agricultural work.However,most of the migrant workers can only engage in some manual labor or low skilled work,because of the low level of education and the lack of professional skills.Therefore,on the one hand,there are a large number of surplus labor force in the labor market,on the other hand,the demand for skilled workers is not satisfied,which leads to the serious problem of "labor shortage".This not only is not conducive to the increase of migrant workers’ income and the sustainable development of enterprises,but also seriously affects the process of urbanization in China.Some scholars have shown that training can improve the skills of migrant workers,and further improve the income of migrant workers,and accelerate the process of urbanization in China,but some scholars believe that training can not effectively improve the income of migrant workers like education.Therefore,it is of theoretical and practical significance to further explore the function mechanism of training on income and to explore the conditions under which training can play an important role in improving the income of migrant workers.Skill job matching,as one of the evaluation indicators of human and post matching in human resources,provides us with a new perspective to explore the impact of training on income.Through a literature review,it is found that skill job matching can be defined from two points of view.One is defined from a relevance point of view: it refers to whether a person has human capital related to his work;and the two is defined from the perspective of competency factors: it refers to whether a person has the ability that makes him do well in his job.This paper defines the skill job matching from the perspective of relevance,and then explores the impact of training on income from the perspective of skill job matching.Based on the results of previous studies,this paper constructs a theoretical model of training,skill job matching and income,and puts forward the research hypothesis on this basis.On the basis of empirical research,this paper selects migrant workers with labor as the research object based on the data of Chinese labor dynamic survey(CLDS)conducted by the social science survey center of Zhongshan University,this paper uses the statistical analysis method of correlation analysis and regression analysis to test the relationship between training,skill job matching and income.Through empirical research,it is found that training has a significant positive correlation with migrant workers’ skills work matching,and shows a significant positive correlation with migrant workers’ income.In addition,the results also indicate that skill job matching plays a partial mediating role between training and migrant workers’ income.Combining the above research conclusions,this paper holds that training is the effective prediction variable of the skill job matching and income of migrant workers.This conclusion has some implications for the migrant workers themselves,the government and the enterprises.Finally,this paper points out the limitations of this research and gives directions for future research.The innovation of this paper is to link the concept of skill job matching with the income effect of current migrant workers’ training,and to study the training,skill job matching and income in a theoretical framework to further reveal the role of training on income from the perspective of skill job matching.更多还原