【作者】 李玲；

【导师】 张利军；

【作者基本信息】 山西农业大学 ， 农业昆虫与害虫防治， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 离腹寡毛实蝇属Bactrocera实蝇是实蝇科Tephritidae昆虫中较大的属,其中50余种实蝇被列为具有重要经济意义的检疫性害虫对象,该属多数物种形态相似,较难区分,而翅作为实蝇鉴定中的一个重要特征,长期以来缺乏量化标准,因此采用几何形态学方法对其翅脉形态进行量化分析对其分类鉴定有着重要借鉴意义。本研究基于几何形态学方法对离腹寡毛实蝇属3亚属14种289头重要检疫性雄性实蝇标本进行翅脉形态标点分析,分别从翅形大小和翅脉形状两方面比较了实蝇种间翅脉形态主要差异变化,探讨了几何形态学在属内种的水平上是否有明确的鉴别分类标准,并对其中10个种397头实蝇标本进行了雌雄翅脉形态差异性分析,有效发现了 14种实蝇在翅形大小和翅脉形状上的微小变化,并在种的阶元上将其区分开来。主要研究结果如下:基于翅质心值的单因素方差分析表明14种实蝇翅形大小差异显著(F=63.94,df=288,P<0.001)。翅形大小依次为具条实蝇>柑橘大实蝇>蜜柑大实蝇>木瓜实蝇>昆士兰实蝇>南瓜实蝇>菲律宾实蝇>杨桃实蝇>桔小实蝇>瓜实蝇>桃实蝇>蒲桃实蝇>辣椒实蝇>番石榴实蝇,Hotelling’s成对比较表明柑橘大实蝇和蜜柑大实蝇翅形大小差异不显著(P>0.05),南瓜实蝇、菲律宾实蝇、杨桃实蝇彼此间翅形大小差异不显著(P>0.05),杨桃实蝇、桔小实蝇、瓜实蝇、桃实蝇彼此间翅形大小差异不显著(P>0.05),番石榴实蝇与辣椒实蝇翅形大小差异不显著(P>0.05),除此之外两两间翅形大小差异显著(P<0.05)。主成分分析与相对扭曲分析表明14种实蝇翅脉形状变异部位主要集中在:翅第2、第3合径脉(R2+3)与翅前缘交点部位(LM6的位置),翅端第3径室(r2+3)和第5径室(r4+5)区域(LM6、LM7、LM8、LM11、LM13之间)、径中横脉(r-m)到达中室(dm)的部位(LM11在LM10-LM12间的位置)、基中室(bm)的宽度(LM10、LM15、LM16之间)、臀室后端角延长段(cupex)长度(LM16、LM17、LM18)。翅脉形状多变量方差分析表明离腹寡毛实蝇属14种实蝇翅脉形状差异显著(Wilk’sλ=5.38E-05,F=39.72,P0.00001),Hotelling’s成对比较表明除柑橘大实蝇和蜜柑大实蝇翅脉形状差异不显著(P>0.05),其余实蝇两两间翅脉形状差异均显著(P<0.05)。基于翅脉形状的交叉验证结果显示,除柑橘大实蝇和蜜柑大实蝇外其余12种272头实蝇种群个体判别准确率达83.97%,且所有物种判别率均处于50%以上,除桔小实蝇复合种B.dorsaliscomplex(桔小实蝇、木瓜实蝇、菲律宾实蝇、杨桃实蝇)外的其他8种实蝇个体准判率均为85%以上,其中具条实蝇、番石榴实蝇、蒲桃实蝇和昆士兰实蝇准判率达100%。10种实蝇雌雄翅脉形态差异分析结果表明,实蝇翅形的雌雄二型现象比较普遍,10种实蝇中除了蒲桃实蝇和柑橘大实蝇雌雄翅脉差异不显著(P>0.05)外,其余8种实蝇翅脉形状差异显著(P<0.05),基于翅质心值的翅形大小结果显示辣椒实蝇、杨桃实蝇、南瓜实蝇和瓜实蝇这4种实蝇的雌性翅形大小明显大于雄性。更多还原

【Abstract】 The genus Bactrocera is the largest family in Tephritidae and it contains more than fifty species that are listed as economically important quarantine pests.Although the wing morphological characteristic is an important feature for identifying,it is challenging to distinguish due to their similar morphology and qualitative description.So it is very necessary to accurate quantify the wing shape based on geometric morphometrics which is a reliable method to ascertain any of the subtle difference between the biological shapes.Geometric morphometrics was used to evaluate wing size and shape variation among 3 subgenus,14 species,289 specimens of the genus Bactrocera.And in order to testing sexual dimorphism of wing shape between males and females,10 species,397 specimens with enough sample size were chosen for comparing wing shape.Eighteen landmarks were measured on the right wings of all specimens and used to generate geometric morphometric size and shape data.The wing size and shape information were analyzed based on Centroid size,Procrustes superimposition,Principal component analysis(PCA),Multivariate analysis of variance(MANOVA)and Relative warp analysis(RWA).Through the analysis and comparision,we found the main vatiation and tendency among the 14 species wing shape,and then discussing the variation of them.The main results are as follows.A one-way ANOVA of centroid size indicated that there were significant differences(F=63.94,df=288,P<0.001)in wing size among the fourteen species.And the order of wing size from big to small is B.(Zeugadacus)scutellata(Hendel),B.(Tetradacus)minax(Enderlein),B.(T.)tsuneonis(Miyake),B.(B.)papayae Drew and Hancock,B.(B.)tryoni(Froggatt),B.(Z.)tau(Walker),B.(B.)Philippine sis Drew and Hancock,B.(B.)carambolae Drew and Hancock,B.(B.)dorsalis(Hendel),B.(Z.)cucurbitae(Coquillellett),B.(B.)zonate(Saunders),B.(B.)albistrigata(de Meijere),B.(B.)latifrons(Hendel),B.(B.)correcta(Bezzi).Hotelling’s pairwise comparision showed that there were highly significant differences among a majority pairs of wing size,except for some pairs.PCA and RWA showed that wing differences among the fourteen species were mainly in the intersection of 2nd and 3rd radial vein(R2+3)with margin,the intersection of medial vein(M)and radial-medial cross-vein(r-m),the region of 3rd radial cell(r2+3)and distal 5th radial cell(r4+5),the region of basal 4th medial cell(bm),and the extension to cell cup.MANOVA showed that there were significant differences in wing shape among the fourteen species(Wilk’s λ= 5.38E-05,F=39.72,P<0.00001),Hotelling’s pairwise comparision showed that there were highly significant differences(P<0.05)among almost all pairs of wing shape,except for one pair which is the wing shape of B.(Tetradacus)minax(Enderlein)and B.(T.)tsuneonis(Miyake).DFA cross-validation test showed that the average accuracy percentage of total assignments(12 species,272 specimens,except for B.(T.)minax and B.(T.)tsuneonis)was 83.97%.All specimens of the species of B.(Z.)cucurbitae,B.(B.)correcta,B.(B.)albistrigata and B.(B.)tryoni were correctly classified,and the accuracy rate of every species was above 50%,and the accuracy rate of all eight species specimens which except for B.dorsalis complex including Bactrocera(B.)dorsalis,B.(B.)papayae,B.(B.)Philippine sis and B.(B.)carambolae were above 85%.The results of sexual dimorphism of wing in 10 species of Bactrocera showed that there were significant differences in wing shape and size,it means that sexual dimorphism of wing in Bactrocera is a widespread phenomenon.Among the ten species of male and female,MANOVA showed that there were significant differences(P<0.05)in wing shape excepted for B.(B.)albistrigata(de Meijere)and B.(T.)minax(Enderlein).A one-way ANOVA of centroid size indicated that there were significant differences(P<0.05)between the male and female among the species of B.(B.)latifrons(Hendel),B.(B.)carambolae Drew and Hancock,B.(Z.)tau(Walker)and B.(Z.)cucurbitae(Coquillellett),and the wing of females were larger than males.更多还原