【作者】 李雪；

【导师】 岳强；

【作者基本信息】 东北大学 ， 工业生态学， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 我国钢产量自1997年开始稳居世界第一,2014年钢产量达到83200万吨,占全世界钢产量的二分之一,为了更好地弄清楚的钢铁行业的规模增长、节能减排与经济产出之间的关系问题,本文主要应用物质流分析方法分析铁元素在钢铁生命周期中的流动状况,并在物质流分析的基础上结合了价值流分析方法和熵分析方法,分别计算每个阶段随着铁元素的流动产生价值量的变动,以及生命周期过程中铁元素的聚集程度的变化,综合分析中国钢铁工业的发展状况。首先,物质流分析方法应用“存量与流量(STAF)”模型分别计算1990-2012年中国铁元素在生命周期中的流量,并画出物质流图,通过物质流分析数据,计算生产阶段和加工制造阶段的原材料自给率、废钢比例、矿石指数、铁资源效率和废钢指数。我国钢铁的生产阶段原材料自给率随着钢产量增加反而减小,从1990年的86.8%到2012年只有40.9%,废钢使用率较低,一直保持在8%左右,主要原因是我国铁矿石品位低,钢铁产量增长过快,废钢资源不足,导致原材料需要大量进口,这也是阻碍我国钢铁行业发展的可持续重要因素。然后以物质流为基础分别对1990-2012年中国钢铁行业进行价值流分析,通过铁元素在生命周期的流动计算每一阶段产品的价值量,画出价值流图。铁元素在生命周期的流动过程中产生价值量的改变,而且铁元素加工程度越高所具有的价值量越高。2012年国内铁矿石价格为1080元/吨,成品钢材价格为4570元/吨。废钢作为可二次利用资源价格高于铁矿石,2012年废钢价格为3100元/吨。我国钢铁行业随着钢材产量的增加,废钢的产量将逐渐增加,铁矿石积蓄量会减少,废钢将会更大程度地代替铁矿石成为钢铁的重要原材料。最后本文以物质流为基础对1990-2012年中国钢铁行业进行熵分析,给出物质循环过程中的统计熵变化曲线图,得出中国钢铁生命周期中输入原材料处的熵值最高,2012年钢铁生命周期中五个节点的熵值分别为0.282、0.125、0.247、0.141和0.145。经过整个生命周期后熵值减小,加工后铁元素聚集度上升。本文运用物质流分析、价值流、熵分析方法共同分析中国钢铁工业,综合把握我国铁矿石资源现状,钢铁工业的生产、消费、需求和进出口情况,根据分析数据得出我国钢铁工业钢产量增长速度过快,导致国内废钢资源严重不足,在生产过程中应该适当调节产量,随着市场需求变化,尽量使用可二次利用的废钢资源,减少铁矿石指数和对外依存度,提高资源利用率,增加环境产出,提高钢铁行业的利润并向更节能、降耗、高利润、健康的方向发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 The steel production of our country has ranked first in the word since 1997,and the production has reached 832 million tons in 2014,which accounts for 1/2 of the word steel production.In order to figure out the growth of the size of steel industry and the relationship between energy-saving emission reduction and economic output,this paper primarily used material flow analysis to analyze the iron flow in the steel life cycle.In addition,we combined the value chain analysis and entropy analysis based on material flow analysis to calculate the value changes in iron flow in every stage and the iron changes in degree of aggregation in the life cycle process,and also comprehensively analyzed the China iron and steel industry development.Firstly,in material flow analysis,"stock and flow(STAF)" model was used to calculate the iron flow in the life cycle from 1990 to 2012,then draw the material flow chart.And this paper has calculated raw material self-sufficient rate,scrap using coefficient,social iron ore reservoir’s variation,steel resource efficient and scrap index with the data of material flow analysis.The self-sufficient rate of raw material in iron and steel production stage decreased with the increase of steel production,which changed from 86.8%in 1990 to only 40.9%in 2012.Besides,the use of steel scrap was low,which remained about 8%.Our low-grade ore,fast iron and steel production and lack of scrap resources result in importing large quantities of raw materials,which is the important factor of hindering the sustainable development of China iron and steel industry.Secondly,this paper has finished the value chain analysis of China iron and steel industry based on material flow analysis from 1990 to 2012,and calculated the products value in every stage using the iron flow in life cycle and drew the value chain chart.The values changed with the iron flow in life cycle.The value will be higher when the degree of processing of iron became high.The price of the domestic iron ore was 1080 yuan/t,and the steel was 4570 yuan/t in 2012.As renewable resource,scrap is more expensive than iron ore,which was 3100 yuan/t in 2012.With the increasing production of China steel,scrap production will gradually increase and iron ore accumulation will reduce.Scrap will become important raw materials instead of iron ore.Finally,this paper has finished the entropy analysis of China iron and steel industry based on material flow analysis from 1990 to 2012,given the curve of the statistical entropy,and obtained the highest entropy of inputting raw material stage in the life cycle,corresponding to the five nodes were respectively 0.282,0.125,0.141 and 0.145 in 2012.After the whole life cycle,the entropy decreased,and after processing,the iron aggregation increased.In this paper,material flow analysis,value chain analysis and the entropy analysis were used to analyze China steel industry.We can comprehensively grasp the situation on China’s iron ore resources status and steel industry production,consumption,demand,import and export.According to the data,the steel productions grow too fast,resulting in the serious shortage of domestic scrap resource.We should properly adjust the production,use more renewable scrap resource,reduce social iron ore reservoir’s variation and the dependence on foreign,improve the resource utilization,increase environment output and profits,and become more energy saving,high profits and healthy.更多还原