【作者】 陈超；

【导师】 刘花台；

【作者基本信息】 厦门大学 ， 环境管理， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 长期以来,我国一直延续着以“高投入、高消耗、高污染、低效率”为特征的粗放型经济发展模式,在带来国内生产总值(Gross Domestic Product,GDP)高速增长的同时,也导致了生态功能退化、环境质量恶化、资源约束趋紧等问题。目前,我国已进入了环境风险凸显期与环境污染问题的高发期,过去发展造成的环境问题尚未得到根本解决,新的环境问题已接踵而至。面对不断发展的环保新形势,以末端治理为主的传统环境管理制度已不能完全适应当前环境保护的需要,我国亟需引入新的环境管理手段。环境准入作为源头预防环境污染和生态破坏的重要工具之一,无疑是对现行环境管理手段的重要补充和完善。遗憾的是,目前我国环境准入在理论准备与方法体系方面仍存在较大不足,不仅缺乏明确的定义,实践中还暴露出指标体系不统一、技术方法体系不成熟等问题。本文首先从经济发展和环境效应出发,在文献检索的基础上对环境准入的理论体系进行了探索,追溯其理论与法律基础,对“环境准入”进行了定义,分析环境准入的特征、内涵、作用,讨论了环境准入与环境影响评价以及相似概念之间的关系,初步建立了环境准入的理论体系,为进一步研究提供了理论基础。其次,在前人研究成果的基础上,结合环境准入的理论体系研究,本文提出了环境准入条件的主要内容、基础框架、制定的原则、步骤与要求,并基于模糊数学评价法和层次分析法构建了环境准入综合评价指标体系。该指标体系不仅能够筛选淘汰不符合准入要求的项目,还能够定量反映准入对象的环境准入综合水平。此外,本文还提出了环境准入综合评价技术流程。最后,本文将研究的理论与方法运用于石狮市海洋生物科技园区及其重点行业水产品加工业,制定了园区和行业的环境准入条件,构建了相应环境准入综合评价指标体系,并根据环境准入综合评价技术流程对拟入园的三家企业A、B、C进行环境准入初步筛选与综合评价。初步筛选结果显示:企业C因未满足产业环境准入条件在环境准入初步筛选中被淘汰,A、B进入综合评价程序;综合评价结果显示,A、B分别为0.91和0.94,二者都满足各项环境准入条件,且综合水平较高,属于准入的项目。此外,评价显示企业A在资源能源利用方面得分较低,是其综合得分低于B的根本原因。本次研究的意义在于:一是进一步明确了环境准入的定义和内涵,丰富和完善了环境准入的理论体系;二是构建了环境准入条件基础框架和综合评价指标体系,并提出了环境准入综合评价技术流程,完善了环境准入的方法体系,为环境管理和项目决策提供参考和支持。更多还原

【Abstract】 For a long time,China has continued with high input,high consumption,high emission,low efficiency is characterized by extensive economic development model,leading to high Gross Domestic Product(GDP)growth,but also led to the degradation of ecological functions,environmental quality deterioration,resource constraints tightening and other issues.At present,our country has entered a period of environmental risk and environmental pollution problems,the development of environmental problems caused by the past has not yet been fundamentally resolved,the new environmental problems have followed.Facing the new situation of environmental protection,the traditional environmental management system,which is dominated by the end of pipe control can’t meet the needs of the current environmental protection.We need introduce new environmental management methods.Environment access is one of the important tools of preventing environmental pollution and ecological damage from source,which is undoubtedly an important complement and improvement to the existing environmental management tools.Unfortunately,there is still a large shortage in the theoretical preparation and method system of environment access,such as lack of a clear definition,the indicators of the system is not uniform,technical system is not mature and so on.First,in this thesis,we start from the economic development and environmental effect,explore the theoretical system of environment access based on the literature search,trace its theoretical basis and legal basis,define the "environment access",analyze the environment access Characteristics,connotation and function;in addition,the relationship between Environmental Impact Assessment,similar concepts and environment access has been discussed,and then we have initially built the theoretical system of environment access,which would provide the theoretical basis for further research.Secondly,based on the previous research results and study of the theoretical system of environment access,we put forward the definition,basic framework,the principles,steps and requirements of environment access,and then build the comprehensive evaluation indicator system of environment access based on FM and AHP.The indicator system can not only filter out the projects which fail to meet the access requirements,but also quantify the comprehensive level of project.In addition,this thesis also put forwards the practical working-procedure of comprehensive assessment for environment access.Finally,this thesis applies the theory and methods that we study before to the Shishi Marine Biotechnology Park and its key industry,sets up the environment access conditions of the park and industry,builds the corresponding comprehensive evaluation indicator system and then the initial screening and comprehensive evaluation on three enterprises A,B and C which are going access to the park are given,according to the basic working procedures.The initial screening result shows that the enterprise C has been eliminated from the primary screening of environment access,because it fails to meet the industrial environment access conditions.A and B enter the comprehensive evaluation procedure.The comprehensive evaluation result shows that A and B are 0.91 and 0.94 respectively,both of which can meet the environment access conditions and have a highly comprehensive level of environment access.In addition,the environment result shows that firm A has a low score in terms of resource utilization and is the underlying reason for its overall score below B.The significance of this thesis is:First,to further clarify the definition and connotation of environment access,enrich and improve the environment access system of the theoretical system;the second is to build a basic framework for environment access,propose the practical working-procedure of comprehensive assessment,improve the environment access method system,provide reference and support forenvironmental management and project decision making.更多还原