【作者】 潘婷；

【导师】 单杰； 贾涛；

【作者基本信息】 武汉大学 ， 地图学与地理信息系统， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 目前,车辆排放的尾气已经成为我国城市大气环境的主要污染源之一。分析挖掘车辆尾气排放的时空分布规律,合理地规划交通路网,调整交通流量,减少或避免因道路拥堵所加剧的污染,可以为环境的保护与治理提供数据支持,为宏观调控经济战略的转型与规划提供有力的决策依据。此外,也便于城市居民的出行规划,避开尾气污染严重的时段与交通路段。因此,分析车辆尾气的排放状况对于城市交通环境的影响具有重要意义。本文首先研究综合排放模型(Comprehensive Modal Emission Model,CMEM)反演计算轨迹数据的尾气排放因子,借鉴环境质量综合指数的计算方式,提出了一种尾气综合排放指数的计算方法。其次,本文还研究了海量轨迹数据的存储管理方法。针对非结构化存储模型及其相应数据库产品特点,提出了基于非结构化存储模型的轨迹数据存储管理方法,包括轨迹数据在非结构化存储模型数据库中的数据组织方式、点线存储转换方法和数据集的联合。接着在已存储管理好的数据基础上,对车辆轨迹及其尾气的Web可视化关键技术进行了研究,包括基于Node.js的Web服务框架、在线时空统计分析可视化和轨迹三维可视化技术。在此研究基础之上设计并实现了以武汉市出租车数据为实例的车辆尾气排放的时空在线可视化系统。最后,本文对车辆轨迹及其尾气排放在线可视化分析系统的功能进行了评价分析,分别可视化分析了微观的单车时空尾气排放模式和宏观的尾气排放时空模式。微观上发现了某些出租车司机偏向去机场载客,且一天来回往返次数非常多而有规律。另外还发现单车在交叉路口、商业区、后湖大道的尾气排放浓度较大,说明单车在这些位置的运动模式比较容易排放更多尾气,这与实际情况是正好吻合的。宏观上发现,尾气时间分布规律很明显,早上8点左右和晚上7点左右出租车活动量较大,尾气排放量较多,交通污染较严重,外出骑行运动等活动的进行宜避开此时出行。另外还发现,洪山区的出租车尾气排放量最多,这与洪山区的面积大有关。根据道路统计分析出租车尾气排放量的各时间分布发现,武汉市最长的一条主干道解放大道经常排名前列。这些结果证明本系统可视化呈现的出租车尾气污染状况和实际情况基本吻合,证明了本系统功能应用存在的合理性。这说明从中获取到的可视化分析结果对用户能够起到决策支持作用,弥补了当前在线车辆尾气排放可视化系统的应用不足,能够为城市交通环境治理及市民出行规划提供具有重要参考价值的决策依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 At present,the vehicle exhaust emissions have become one of the main sources of pollution in China’s urban atmosphere.It is necessary to provide data support for the protection and management of the environment and to transform the economic strategy of the macro-control economy by analyzing the time and space distribution of the vehicle exhaust emission,reasonably planning the traffic network,adjusting the traffic flow,reducing or avoiding the pollution caused by road congestion And planning to provide a strong basis for decision-making.In addition,it is also convenient for urban residents to travel planning,to avoid a serious period of exhaust pollution and traffic sections.Therefore,it is important to analyze the impact of vehicle exhaust emissions on the urban traffic environment.In this paper,we first study the exhaust emission factor of the Comprehensive Modal Emission Model(CMEM)to calculate the trajectory data and draw the calculation method of the comprehensive index of the environmental quality.Secondly,this paper also studies the storage management method of massive trajectory data.Aiming at the characteristics of unstructured storage model and its corresponding database products,a trajectory data storage management method based on unstructured storage model is proposed,which includes data organization mode of trajectory data in unstructured storage model database,dotted line storage conversion method and The union of data sets.Then,based on the data that has been stored and managed,the key technologies of Web visualization of vehicle trajectories and their exhaust are studied,including Web service framework based on Node.js,online visual analysis of visualization and trajectory 3D visualization technology.On this basis,the time and space visualization system of vehicle exhaust emission with Wuhan taxi data as an example is designed and implemented.Finally,this paper evaluates the functions of the vehicle trajectory and its on-line visualization analysis system,and analyzes the microscopic cycle of air and space and the macro-exhaust space-time model.Microscopic found that some taxi drivers tend to go to the airport passengers,and the number of round trips back and forth a lot of regular and regular.Also found that bicycles at the intersection,business district,Hou Hu Avenue,the exhaust emission concentration is larger,indicating that the cycling movement in these locations more likely to discharge more exhaust,which is consistent with the actual situation.Macroscopically,the timing of the distribution of exhaust gas is very obvious.Around 8 am and around 7 pm,with more taxi activities,there are more exhaust emissions and more serious traffic pollution.It’s suggested that going out activities such as going biking should be avoidedduring this period of time.It’s also found that Hongshan District was the largest emissions district of taxi emissions,in thatHongshan occupies a large proportion of the whole test area.According to the analysis of the road statistics on taxi exhaust emissions during different time distribution,we found that Wuhan,the longest main road Jiefang Avenue often ranked the forefront.These results show that the taxi pollution of the system is consistent with the realityof the road condition,which proves the rationality of the functional application of the system.The result of visual analysis obtained from the system can support decisions make and make up the current defectof the Online application of vehicle exhaust emission visualization system,which can provide important reference value for urban traffic environment management and public travel planning.更多还原