【作者】 王颖；

【导师】 陈海滨；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 环境工程， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 随着我国社会经济的发展,资源紧缺,环境污染等问题日益严重,生活垃圾产生量的与日俱增,大量可回收资源的浪费,使得垃圾的处理处置成为我国重大的环境问题,如今传统的混合收集方式越来越不能满足垃圾减量化、资源化、无害化要求,对垃圾进行分类收集,对于垃圾的有效处置和资源化利用有着重要的作用。我国垃圾分类工作还处于刚起步阶段,普通居民对分类仅仅停留在概念层面上,与成人相比,中小学生群体不仅分类效果好,同时其分类行为能影响身边的人,应成为垃圾分类先锋队。鉴于此,本文研究了中小学生群体特征,分析了其垃圾分类意识和行为,发现中小学生由于其社会属性、心理特征和所处周边环境等原因,具有较强的环境意识并积极参加公益事业。本文根据问卷调查结果分析中小学生分类意识,确定分类试点学校;采用层次分析法,选出最佳分类方案;按照四分法分类方案,在两个学校进行分类试点试验;根据试点试验结果,论证中小学生分类的可行性;研究中小学生所处家庭环境和社会环境,分析其分类行为的示范带头作用,同时提出一些有针对性的建议。通过在长沙市进行问卷调查,结果表明中小学生分类态度良好,86.51%的中小学生愿意支持垃圾分类收集,与成人相比,中小学生对垃圾分类相关知识了解程度更高,能正确辨识厨余垃圾和可回收物标志,并会在家中将垃圾进行简单的分类。试点试验结果表明,学校垃圾中可回收物比例最高,学校分类正确率(85.64%)远大于居民区分类正确率(61.36%),学校混杂率(12.26%)远小于居民区(32.09%),分类效果好。中小学生环保意识强,分类热情高,若在该群体成功推行垃圾分类工作,不仅可以影响身边的老师、同学,还能够通过“小手拉大手”、“小嘴说大事”等活动带动家庭成员乃至全社会参与到生活垃圾分类行动中来。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of social economy, the scarcity of resources and environmental pollution problems have becoming more and more serious. The amount of garbage is steadily on the increase, the recyclable things are mostly wasted, making the waste treatment and disposal become a major environmental problem in China. Nowadays, the traditional mixed collection methods can not satisfy the requirements of waste reduction, recycling and sanitizing. Waste classification plays an important role in waste disposal and resource utilization. Domestic waste classification work is still in its fledgling stage, the ordinary residents just know the concept at a basic level. Compared with adults, primary and middle school students can do good at waste classification and their behavior of waste classification can affect the people around them, which make them be suitable for being the vanguard of waste classification.In view of this, this paper studies the characteristics of student groups and analyzes their awareness along with the behavior of waste separation. According to their social attributes, psychological characteristics and surroundings, primary and middle school students have strong environmental awareness and willing to actively participate in public welfare undertakings. This paper analyzes the students’ awareness of waste classification according to the survey results and determinines the pilot schools, selecting the best classification scheme according to the analytic hierarchy process. In accordance with separating method of four category, schools are classified in two pilot tests. According to the results of the pilot test, the results of the pilot test proves the feasibility of waste classification of primary and middle school students. Studying family and social environment of students to analyze their waste classification exemplary role behavior and propose some specific recommendations.Primary and middle school students have a strong desire to participate the waste classification by the questionnaire. 86.51% of the students are willing to support waste classification. Compared with adults, primary and middle school students know more about waste classification, they can correctly identify the sign of food waste and recyclable and they will continue waste classification at home. Pilot test results show that recyclable has the highest proportion in school waste, school accuracy rate(85.64%) is much larger than residential area accuracy rate(61.36%), school mixed rate(12.26%) is much less than residential(32.09%), they can do good at waste classification. Primary and middle school students have strong environmental awareness and are willing to actively participate in waste classification. If they are successfully awared on waste classification, they can not only affect the teachers and other students, but also can lead the family members and the whole society to participate in waste classification by the " small gap hand ", " small mouth say big thing" and other activities.更多还原