【作者】 王鹏程；

【导师】 吴克明；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 教育经济与管理， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 20世纪末,我国高等教育事业显著发展,特别是1999年高校扩招以来,为社会主义现代化建设提供了大量优质的劳动力资源,“受教育程度越高则收入待遇越好”成为人们的普遍共识。但是,自2010年以来,高校毕业生就业难问题一再刷新历史记录,工资待遇不再是人们理想的水平,劳动力市场供需不平衡的矛盾也日益突出。过度教育在我国初露端倪。本文通过分析调查数据发现,过度教育在我国当前的表现主要是:21-30岁过度教育人群存量最大;过度教育的发生率与学历层次呈正相关,其中本科学历的过度教育存量最大;过度教育人群较多地存在于主要劳动力市场,职业方面主要是国家与社会管理者、经理人员、专业技术人员等,工作单位类型方面大量分布在党政机关、国有大中型企业、事业单位、外资企业等,工作地点方面集中存在于直辖市、省会城市、地级市等;在家庭背景方面,则是子女过度教育发生率与父母最高学历呈正相关,其中父亲最高学历对过度教育的出现有显著影响。此外,过度教育虽然在性别、专业方面的表现有所不同,但不存在显著差异。过度教育对个体而言,虽然能在一定程度上提升工作满意度和经济生活水平,并促进劳动力的流动,但这种投入和收益是不成比例的,在社会范围内更会造成人、财、物的浪费。过度教育现象的出现主要来自于四个方面,即个体对人力资本认知的偏颇、雇主对教育筛选功能的依赖、高校对自主办学发展的迟滞、政府对市场运作机制的误判。虽然我国教育总量还存在明显不足,过度教育现象对经济社会发展的影响还不像西方国家那样严重,但是在教育资源紧张的情况下,过度教育的局部出现是对有限资源的明显浪费,这种趋势发展下去也将造成更大范围的严重影响。因此,应对过度教育需要个体、雇主、高校、政府共同努力。具体包括:个体应当在理性分析的基础上规划职业生涯,雇主在招聘雇员时要注重真才实学并重视专业培训,高校在弘扬大学自治的趋势中提高教育质量,政府在合理宏观调控的同时厘清市场关系。更多还原

【Abstract】 At the end of the 20th century,China’s higher education has made significant development,particularly the expansion of university education in 1999,providing a large number of high-quality labor resources for the construction of socialist modernization.The higher the level of education is,better treatment of income,which has become a general consensus.However,since 2010,the employment of college graduates has been so difficult that refreshing the history of the problem.Wages are no longer an ideal level of people,and the supply and demand imbalance of labor market has become increasingly prominent.The overeducation came out in China.In this paper,through the analysis of the survey data,it can be found that overeducation in our country is mainly 21-30 years old population of overeducation stock.The incidence rate of overeducation has positive relation to the education level,and the largest population of overeducation exists in the undergraduates.More people of overeducation present in the main labor market.For professions,they are mainly the national and social administrators,managers,professional and technical personnel.For the type of work units,many exist in the institutions of party and government,large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises,foreign-funded enterprises.For work places,people of overeducation exist in municipalities directly under the central government,the provincial capital city,and prefecture level city.As for the family background,the incidence of overeducation in children is positively correlated with the highest degree of parents,especially affected by the highest degree of father.In addition,although the overeducation behaves differently in gender,discipline and professional aspects,there is no significant difference.To a certain extent,Overeducation would enhance the job satisfaction and the level of life for individuals,and promote the workforce’s flow,but the investment is not in accordance with the profit.It would also cause the waste of human,finance,material to the society.The phenomenon of overeducation occurs mainly from four aspects,namely individual biased awareness of the human capital,employment depending on the educational screening function,the hysteresis of autonomy in higher education,and the government’s misjustice to the market operation mechanism.Although China’s total education is obviously insufficient,and the influence of overeducation to the economic and social development is not so serious as western countries,overeducation is obvious waste of limited resources under the stress of educational resources.This trend,if getting along with this way,will result in a worse influence in greater range.Therefore,to deal with the overeducation,it requires the joint efforts of individuals,employers,colleges and governments.Specifically speaking,individuals should make career plans based on rational analysis.Employers in recruiting employees should attach importance to genuine skill and knowledge,and pay more attention to the professional training.Colleges and universities improve the quality of education in the trend of autonomy.Governments should make reasonable regulation,clarifying market relations at the same time.更多还原