【作者】 党静；

【导师】 汤清波；

【作者基本信息】 河南农业大学 ， 农业昆虫与害虫防治， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 棉铃虫Helicoverpa armiger(Hübner)是鳞翅目(Lepidoptera)夜蛾科(Noctuidae)铃夜蛾属的一种昆虫,广泛分布于中国及世界各地,是一种多食性昆虫,寄主植物包括棉花、烟草等多种植物,可用人工饲料饲养。糖是昆虫生命活动中一种重要的能量来源,也是刺激昆虫取食的重要信号物质之一。L-阿拉伯糖广泛存在于水果、粗粮皮壳中,其可以抑制哺乳动物肠道内蔗糖酶的活性,从而抑制蔗糖的代谢和吸收;因此L-阿拉伯糖已被广泛用作人类食品添加剂和减肥药。那么L-阿拉伯糖是否能够影响昆虫的生长发育?其机制及潜在的应用价值是什么?本研究以棉铃虫为研究材料,分析L-阿拉伯糖对棉铃虫幼虫生长发育的影响及其可能的生理机制。主要研究结果如下:1.L-阿拉伯糖能够影响棉铃虫幼虫的取食选择行为。利用二项叶碟法测定了棉铃虫幼虫对不同质量浓度(1%,3%,5%,7.5%)L-阿拉伯糖处理的辣椒叶片的取食行为。结果表明1%,5%和7.5%L-阿拉伯糖能够对棉铃虫5龄幼虫有显著拒食作用。2.通过观察取食不同质量浓度(1%,3%,5%,7.5%)L-阿拉伯糖人工饲料的棉铃虫幼虫的生长发育,我们发现L-阿拉伯糖能够延缓幼虫的生长发育,且随着人工饲料中L-阿拉伯糖浓度的升高,幼虫的发育时间延长;食用L-阿拉伯糖人工饲料的幼虫与对照幼虫相比,体躯短且瘦;幼虫食用5%L-阿拉伯糖和7.5%L-阿拉伯糖人工饲料后蛹的重量显著低于对照蛹重。3.幼虫取食L-阿拉伯糖后,体内的葡萄糖水平也发生显著变化。取食1%L-阿拉伯糖的人工饲料后幼虫中肠内的葡萄糖水平与对照幼虫相似;但是,取食3%、5%和7.5%L-阿拉伯糖人工饲料的幼虫中肠内的葡萄糖含量均显著低于对照幼虫;取食任何浓度的L-阿拉伯糖人工饲料的幼虫淋巴液中葡萄糖水平均与对照幼虫差异不显著。4.利用单感器记录法分析了棉铃虫幼虫下颚外额叶上的味觉栓锥感器(中栓锥感器和侧栓锥感器)对不同浓度(0.01 m M,0.1 m M,1 m M,10 m M)L-阿拉伯糖的电生理反应,但是目前在这些感受器中还没有发现典型的对L-阿拉伯糖敏感的味觉受体神经元。更多还原

【Abstract】 The cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armiger(Hübner)(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)is a polyphagous herbivore and distributes widely in China and all over the world.The main host plants include cotton,tobacco and maize etc.H.armiger can be reared by artificial diet.Sugar is an important source of energy for insects’ development,and also an important signal substance of insect’s feeding behaviors.L-arabinose is a normal sugar in plant,such as corn,sugar beets and apple.As a new low-calorie sweetener,L-arabinose has been widely used as food additives and weight-reduced drug for human being.L-arabinose can selectively inhibit the intestinal sucrase in mammals.Therefore,can L-arabinose have an affect on the growth of insects? In this study,the effects and the potential mechanisms of L-arabinose’s on the development of H.armiger larvae were explored.The main results are as follows:(1)The feeding behaviors of 5th instar larvae of H.armigera can be affected by L-arabinose.The feeding preferences of 5th instar H.armigera larvae for L-arabinose were tested by using dualchoice leaf disc assays.It showed that caterpillars of H.armigera didn’t prefer to feed on leaf dics treated by 1%,5% and 7.5% L-arabinose,respectively.(2)Aritificial diets with 3%,5% and 7.5% L-arabinose can significantly delay the larval development of H.armigera.The developmental period of caterpillars postponed with the invreasing of L-arabinose concentration in artificial diets.Compated with the control caterpillars feeding on normal diets,the body of caterpillars exposed to diets containing L-arabinose is short and thin.The weight of pupae which had been exposed to artificial diets containg 5% and 7.5% L-arabinose in larvae period exposed to artificial diet containing were significantly lower than that of the contral.(3)The glucose level in caterpillars could also been affected by L-arabinose in artifical diets.The concentration of glucose in midgut of caterpillars exposed to 1%L-arabinose was simiar to that in control caterpillars.However,the concentration of glucose in midgut of caterpillars exposed to 3%,5% and 7.5% L-arabinose was significantly lower than that of the control caterpillars.The glucose level in haemolymph of caterpillars exposed to any concentration of L-arabinose was similarto that of the control caterpillars.(4)The electrophysiological responses of sensilla styloconica in galea of larval mouthparts to L-arabinose were investigated using single sensillum recording technique.Four concentrations of L-arabinose,0.01 mmol/L,0.1 mmol/L,1 mmol/L and 10 mmol/L,were used as stimulus.But the L-arabinose sensitive receptor neurons have not been found in these sensilla yet.更多还原