【作者】 朱丽；

【导师】 胡宗义；

【作者基本信息】 湖南大学 ， 数量经济学， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 作为世界上最大的发展中国家,中国高投入、高能耗的经济增长模式造成了对资源的过度索取,引发了一系列环境问题。在中国式分权改革的制度背景下,地方政府成为支出责任的主体,地方政府支出发挥了对环境质量的直接影响效应,但在以GDP增长为核心的政绩考核标准下,为“增长而竞争”的地方政府出于理性选择和惯性思维会偏好经济性的政府支出,阻碍了服务性政府支出的增长。此外,环境保护支出高成本低回报的特性也使得各地方政府的主动投资意愿不足,削弱了地方政府支出的直接减排效应。除直接效应外,在传统的EKC分析框架下,地方政府支出通过作用于经济增长来影响环境质量的间接效应同样不容忽视。目前关于地方政府支出规模的扩张是否有助于缓解环境问题,地方政府支出结构调整对环境质量的影响如何,这些问题在国内还未得到充分研究。在国际社会“节能减排”呼声日益高涨的形势下,本文首次从中国财政分权的制度背景出发,构建相应的理论模型从环境经济学的角度剖析了地方政府支出总环境效应的方向,并遵循理论研究的思路尝试着构建包含地方政府支出结构和地方政府支出规模、经济增长与污染物排放在内的联立方程系统,采用1998-2012年中国省际面板数据展开了实证研究。理论分析和实证研究结果表明:第一,地方政府支出对污染物排放既具有负向的直接作用,能够发挥减排效应,又能在经济发展的不同阶段通过促进经济增长来发挥间接作用,间接效应的强弱和方向与收入水平密切相关,总效应曲线和间接效应曲线的变动趋势基本相同;第二,在中国均值收入水平下,非经济性地方政府支出比重的提高以及地方政府支出规模的扩大都有利于减少二氧化硫的排放,但同时会增加二氧化碳的排放,并不具有绝对的减排效应;第三,污染物排放与人均收入之间存在倒N型的曲线关系。因此,要真正发挥地方政府支出对环境污染的减排效应,需认清地方政府支出结构偏好背后所蕴藏的体制困境,转变唯GDP论的考核方式,促进政绩考核的科学化和绿色化。同时,对经济发展水平不同的地区,亟待实施差异化的地方财政政策来实现经济增长和环境保护的协调发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 As the largest developing country,the wrong economic growth development model with the over consumption of resource leads to a series of environmental problems in China.Under the institutional background of China’s fiscal decentralization,the local government was principally responsible for local government expenditure duty,thus the local government expenditure had a direct effect on environment.However,under the political achievement evaluation standards of GDP growth,the local government who competed for growth had preference for productive expenditure on account of rational choice and inertial thinking,which hindered the increase of the service expenditure.In addition,the feature of high investment cost and low return of environment also makes the local government less willing to take the initiative to reduce environment emissions which weaken the direct effect of local government spending too.Besides the direct effects,the indirect effects of local government expenditure on environment through economic development were also worthy of attention in the traditional EKC analysis framework.At present,does the increase of local government expenditure help alleviate environmental problems?How the effects of local government expenditure structure on environment?These issues have not been adequately studied in the country.Under the background of Energy-saving and emission reduction,firstly considering the institutional background of China’s fiscal decentralization,we build the theoretical model and follow the theory ideas to construct the simultaneous equation model,exploring the relationship among pollutant emissions,economic growth and local government expenditure.Further we make use of panel data of 29 provinces in china during 1998-2012 to carry out the empirical research.Theoretical and empirical results show that firstly local government expenditure has a negative direct effect on per capita pollutant emission,which could hinder emission abatement.Further it could operate through impacting on per capita income to have a indirect effect at different stages of economic development.The strength and direction of the indirect effect are closely related to income level.Secondly,the total effects of local government expenditure structure and size follow the patterns of negative direct effects on sulfur dioxide,but follow the patterns of positive indirect effects on carbon emissions at the mean income level,which means that local government expenditure does not have an absolute reduction effect.Thirdly,we find an inverted-N-shaped curve relationship between pollutant emissions and per income.Therefore,to bring the reducing emission effects of local government expenditure on environment,it is significant to recognize the institutional difficulties of the expenditure structure preference and change the achievement evaluation standards of GDP growth to realize the scientific and green achievement evaluation.At the same time,implementing different public expenditure policy to achieve the coordinated development between economic growth and environmental protection in different regions is also indispensable.更多还原