【作者】 周丹；

【导师】 周长发；

【作者基本信息】 南京师范大学 ， 动物学， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 二翅蜉亚科(Cloeoninae)隶属于昆虫纲(Insecta)蜉蝣目(Ephemeroptera)四节蜉科(Baetidae),其稚虫多生活在静水水体,生态位特别。该类蜉蝣又因种类多、虫体小、成虫外部形态一致且分类特征较少等原因,一直是分类难点,我国种类报道不多。近几十年来,国际上对该类蜉蝣的研究已由成虫转向以稚虫为主,因此开展对我国种类成虫和稚虫的对应工作就显得格外重要。通过形态观察、室内饲养和DNA条形码技术,本文对采自我国大陆23个省市的二翅蜉亚科蜉蝣标本进行了成稚虫的对应和初步分类,共计述3属30种:其中有15新种,6个中国新记录种,1项新组合Procloeon simile comb.nov.(Eaton,1870),1项同物异名:浅绿二翅蜉Cloeon viridzlum Navas,1931(=皮氏二翅蜉Cloeon pielinum Navas,1933),另有17种在稚虫和成虫上成功对应。为了进一步了解二翅蜉的生活习性及与环境因子的关系,我们对浅绿二翅蜉Cloeon viridulum进行了将近一年的生态观察。研究表明,在6～9月份浅绿二翅蜉老熟稚虫数目最多,温度和食物是影响该种种群数量和分布的重要因素。蜉蝣稚虫的取食程度与栖息环境、种群数量、大小及季节变化密切相关。本研究还根据测得的细胞色素c氧化酶I(COI)基因部分序列计算了 K2P遗传距离,并利用邻接法和贝叶斯法构建了系统发生树。结果显示:二翅蜉亚科属间遗传距离为0.185～0.202,属内不同物种间平均遗传距离为0.099～0.159,种内不同个体间平均遗传距离为0.000～0.016。在系统发生树中,同物种不同个体均以较高支持率聚为一支,刺翅蜉属Centroptilum首先分出,而二翅蜉属Cloeon与原二翅蜉属Procloeon关系十分密切。更多还原

【Abstract】 The nymphs of mayfly subfamily Cloeoninae(Insecta:Ephemeroptera:Baetidae)typically live in lentic water and have unique ecological niche.Because of their high species diversity,small to tiny body size,uniform imaginal bodies and limited classification features,this group of mayflies is very difficult to research and is rarely reported in China.Furthermore,in recent decades of years,the classification characteristics of them and the Baetidae have been shifted from those of imagos to nymphs.Consequently,the association between adults and nymphs is absolutely important for Chinese species in the taxonomic study on this subfamily.Using DNA barcoding method(COI gene as markers)plus indoor rearing nymphs to adults and character matching,we preliminarily identify 3 genera 30 species based on the materials from 23 provinces and municiples of China.Among them,15 species are new to science and 6 others are new to China.One species,Procloeon simile(Eaton,1870)comb.nov.,is transferred from the genus Cloeon.One synonym:Cloeon viridulum Navas,1931(=Cloeon pielinum Navas,1933,New Synonym)is proposed.Moreover,the adults and nymphs of 17 species are successfully associated.Ecologically,the species Cloeon viridulum are observated for nearly one year to know more about their life and affecting factors.The data shows it can maturate from June to September.Food and temperature are important factors to its population dynamics and distribution.Besides,the degree of feeding on vegetable is closely related to their habitat,population density,individual body size and season.The K2P genetic distances between partial COI gene sequences of different populations are calculated and phylogenetic trees are also reconstructed with using Neighbor-Joining and Bayesian Analysis methods.The topologies show that in Cloeoninae,the intergeneric genetic distance is 0.185 to 0.202,that of species is from 0.099 to 0.159,and the average intraspecific genetic distance is 0.000 to 0.016.All samples of same species are grouped together with high supporting index.The genus Centroptilum diverges away from others first,while genera Cloeon and Procloeon have very close relationship in the trees.更多还原