【作者】 张静；

【导师】 周同科；

【作者基本信息】 南京大学 ， 汉语国际教育（专业学位）， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 现代汉语中有一些特殊的句式,如“把”字句、“被”字句、重动句等,其中重动句可以将立体语义线性排列,减少不必要的赘余成分的使用,精简方便,且其第一个VP可以引出背景信息,说话人不需要额外补充背景信息,无论在语法还是语用上都符合语言使用的经济性原则,对于外国汉语学习者来说掌握此句式可以更方便快捷地进行表达,因此受到了许多学者的关注。前人和时贤着重在现代汉语本体领域对重动句的名称、产生原因、形式结构等方面进行了诸多研究,对外汉语教学领域对重动句的研究相对较少,集中于分析以汉语为第二语言的学习者习得重动句产生的偏误上,对学习者重动句的习得情况则较少涉及。由于重动句内部分类情况十分复杂,同时与“把/被”字句、主谓谓语句等句式存在变换关系,因此学习者在使用中是否倾向选择重动句是本文的一个研究重点。在综合各家分类的基础上,本文确定了六种重动句类型,并将其符号化,即:“S+VIO+V2+了 + 数量词”、“S+V1O+V2 得 R”、“S+V1O+V2 到+NP”、“S+V1O+V2R+了”、“S+VIO+V2+在……上”和“S+V1O+V2R”。围绕这六种类型,设计了在无语境和有语境两种情况下的测试题目。通过测试卷调查的形式,以南京大学不同水平阶段英语国家的留学生为测试对象,探讨了汉语学习者重动句的习得情况以及对重动句的倾向性,并在统计数据的基础上,结合相关教材分析,提出教材编写和课堂教学的建议。通过对测试结果的统计和分析,本文发现学习者对重动句的习得存在发展情况,随着学习者汉语水平的提高,对重动句的习得也越来越好。但整体上,习得情况表现一般,倾向率仅保持在50%左右,并且学习者对“S+V1O+V2+在……上”和“S+V1O+V2R”两种类型重动句习得的不倾向率很高,甚至产生了僵化现象。在六种类型的重动句中,“S+V1O+V2到+NP”类型的重动句的习得情况最好。初级、中级水平阶段的学习者在无语境情况下的重动句习得优于在有语境情况下的重动句习得;与之相反,高级、优秀级水平阶段的学习者在有语境情况下的重动句习得优于在无语境情况下的重动句习得。四个水平阶段的学习者在重动句的不倾向性上表现出一致的选择,不倾向率较高的是“S+V1O+V2+在……上”和“S+V1O+V2R”这两种类型,初级、中级和高级水平的学习者回避重动句倾向于选择状中词组合并结构,但前者学习者还倾向于选择“把”字句,后者学习者还倾向于选择“被”字句,而优秀级水平的学习者在后者的习得上只倾向于选择状中词组合并结构。另外本文发现对其他句式的不倾向率也随着学习者汉语水平的提高而提高。通过对在对外汉语教学界普遍使用的教材进行整理之后,笔者发现教材编写者对重动句并不重视。仅有两种类型的重动句出现在教材中,并且只是出现在某些语法点的例句中,或者作为某个语法点的附带成分,教材未对重动句进行单独讲解。教材的不重视势必引起教师课堂教学时的不重视,因此本文认为这是学习者重动句习得不理想的主要原因。根据数据统计和教材分析,我们建议教材编写者将重动句作为一个单独句式,按照难度等级设计课文和练习;同时教师在课堂教学时采用循序渐进教学策略、对比教学策略、会话教学策略等,帮助学习者在会话中有效区分重动句和其他句式,特别是在高级阶段,这种区分尤为重要。最后希望本文能对对外汉语教学界的重动句研究和教学有所充实。更多还原

【Abstract】 There are some special constructions in modem Chinese,such as Ba Construction,Bei Construction,Verb Copying Construction and so on.Loading large amount of information by a compact and concise form and fully reflecting the economic characteristics of language,Verb Copying Construction is much more convenient and faster to convey information for foreign learners.Particularly Verb Copying Construction attracted the attention of lots of scholars.More studies focused on the noumenal domain while less on the field of teaching Chinese as a foreign language.Not only that,most of the studies are about the analysis of errors made by leaners using Verb Copying Construction and teaching suggestions while less about Verb Copying Construction acquisition.However,due to the complicated internal classification of Verb Copying Construction and transformation for other constructions,foreign learners will produce tendencies in use.This paper,based on the research of category,value and relationship with other constructions of Verb Copying Construction,formats it into six types and discusses the acquisition of foreign students through a questionnaire.The test with and without context is designed according to the types,which are"S+V1O+V2+(le)+quantifier","S+V1O+V2(de)R","S+V1O+V2(dao)+NP","S+V1O+V2 R+(le)"," S+V1O+V2+(zai).....(shang)","S+V1O+V2R".With the analysis of data and teaching materials,this paper also puts forward the proposals on textbook compilation and classroom teaching.Through statistics and analysis of the test results,we find that Verb Copying Construction acquisition of foreign learners develops with the improvement of their Chinese level.In general,however,the tendency to Verb Copying Construction rate only remains at around 50%and tendency to other constructions rate is very high on the types of "S+V1O+V2+(zai).....(shang)" and "S+V1O+V2R" Elementary and intermediate level learners’ acquisition without context is better than that with context.By contrast,advanced and excellent level learners’ acquisition with context is better than that with context.All learners show consistent choice on the tendency,and the rate remains higher on the types of "S+V1O+V2+(zai).....(shang)",and"S+V1O+V2R" than other types.Another point needs to note is that the tendency to other constructions rate of other types also improves with the improvement of learners’Chinese level.After researching on the textbooks widely used in the field of teaching Chinese to speakers of other languages,we find that only two types of Verb Copying Construction appear on them,which are as some examples of certain grammar points and not separately taught,what is worse,this phenomenon is bound to make teachers pay little attention to Verb Copying Construction.Thus this paper argues that ignorance to Verb Copying Construction causes a poor acquisition among foreign learners.According to the statistics and analysis of textbooks,we suggest that compiler put Verb Copying Construction as a separate construction when writing the textbooks and design texts and exercises by difficulty level.At the same time,teachers are suggested to use some teaching methods in classroom teaching,such as step by step teaching method,comparative teaching method and conversation method to help learners make a distinction between Verb Copying Construction and other constructions,especially in advanced stage which is particularly important.Finally we hope that this paper will enrich the research and teaching of Verb Copying Constructions in the field of teaching Chinese to speakers of other languages.更多还原