【作者】 王伟；

【导师】 卢云；

【作者基本信息】 电子科技大学 ， 工程硕士（专业学位）， 2018， 硕士

【摘要】 混合型超级电容器是一种介于电池和普通超级电容器之间的储能器件,有着较高的理论能量密度和功率密度,良好的循环稳定性。它是一种潜在可行的能量存储器件,在现代高能量能源器件研发中具有广阔的前景。二维材料因其独特的结构与优秀的电学性能在超级电容器电极材料的研发中发挥着重要的作用。因此研发基于二维材料的混合型超级电容器有助于开发高储能的储电系统,突破传统储能器件能量密度与功率密度二者不能兼顾的科学难题,具有重要意义。本文采用氧化还原法和溶剂热法分别制备了石墨烯与二硫化钼两种二维材料,采用水热法制备了MoS₂/RuO₂二元复合电极材料及rGO/MoS₂/RuO₂三元复合电极材料及其电极片,用多层组装工艺制备了另外一种rGO/MoS₂/RuO₂复合电极片,对制备的各类样品进行了SEM,XRD等物理表征和电化学测试,从结构、形貌、电化学性能方面对其性能进行了研究,最终将优化后的电极组装成模拟混合电容器进行了充放电测试,得出如下结论:1.水热法合成MoS₂/RuO₂复合电极材料并制备成电极片,二硫化钼材料的加入,改善赝电容材料氧化钌之间团聚现象,并且增加了电化学反应中活性物质与电解液有效接触面积,提高了电极片的电化学性能。当导电剂含量为10%,MoS₂与RuO₂的质量比为1:4时,扫描速率为10 m V·s^-1,二元复合电极片比容量能达到413 F·g-1;在50 mA/cm²电流密度下,平均功率密度达到了5.05 kW/kg,等效交流阻抗等于0.55Ω,经过800次充放电循环后,比容量仍保持80%以上。2.多层组装工艺制备条件中,rGO/MoS₂/RuO₂复合电极材料中,当rGO/RuO₂复合电极中rGO:RuO₂质量比为1:1,另外一层MoS₂/RuO₂复合电极中MoS₂:RuO₂的质量比为1:4时,电位扫描速率50 mV/s时,复合电极比容量可达637.4 F/g,交流等效阻抗为0.35Ω,平均功率密度可达为5.2kW/kg,800次循环后容量保持率78%;直接水热合成的制备工艺中,rGO/MoS₂/RuO₂复合电极材料当rGO、MoS₂和RuO₂质量比为2:1:5时,在电位扫描速率为10mV/s时,复合电极比容量可达509F/g,交流等效阻抗为0.28Ω,平均功率密度为4.37kW/kg,800次循环后容量保持率84%。综合评价来说,多层组装工艺制备的rGO/MoS₂/RuO₂复合电极在综合性能上较为优越于直接水热法制备的三元复合电极。用多层组装工艺制备的电极片构造混合超级电容器进行充放电测试,其比能量最大可达657mAh/g,比起常见的碳类电极混合超级电容器的能量密度高,但循环稳定性能稍差。更多还原

【Abstract】 The hybrid super-capacitor is a kind of energy storage device between the battery and the ordinary super-capacitor,having a high theoretical energy density and power density,and good cycle stability.It is a potentially viable energy storage device and has broadprospectsforthedevelopmentofmodernlarge-capacityenergy devices.Two-dimensional materials play an important role in the development of supercapacitor electrode materials due to its unique structure and excellent electrical properties.Therefore,thedevelopmentofhybridsupercapacitorsbasedon two-dimensional materials will help develop high-energy storage systems,and it is of great significance to overcome the scientific problems that cannot be balanced the energy density and power density of traditional energy storage devices.In this paper,two-dimensional materials of graphene and molybdenum disulfide were prepared by redox method and solvothermal method.MoS₂/RuO₂ binary composite electrode materials and rGO/MoS₂/RuO₂ ternary composite electrode materials were prepared by hydrothermal method.In the electrode sheet,another kind of rGO/MoS₂/RuO₂ composite electrode sheet was prepared by multi-layer packaging technology.The prepared samples were subjected to SEM,XRD and other physical characterizationandelectrochemicaltests.Thestructure,morphologyand electrochemical performance is studied in terms of its performance.Finally,the optimized electrode is assembled into an analog hybrid capacitor for charge and discharge testing.The following conclusions are drawn:1.MoS₂/RuO₂ composite electrode materials and electrode sheets are prepared.the addition of molybdenum disulfide materials improves the agglomeration between tantalum oxide materials thorium oxide,and increases the effective contact of the active material and electrolyte in the electrochemical reaction.The area improves the electrochemical performance of the electrode sheet.When the content of conductive agent is 10%,the mass ratio of MoS₂ to RuO₂ is 1:4,the scan rate is 10 mV·s^-1,and the specific capacity of binary composite electrode can reach 413 F·g^-1;the current density at 50 mA/cm²,the average power density reachs 5.05 kW/kg,and the equivalent AC impedance is equal to 0.55Ω.After 800 cycles,the specific capacity remained at 80%or more.2.In multi-layer packaging technology and the rGO/MoS₂/RuO₂ composite electrode materials,the mass ratio of rGO:RuO₂ in the rGO/RuO₂ composite electrode is1:1 and the mass ratio of MoS₂:RuO₂ in another layer of MoS₂/RuO₂ composite electrode is 1:4,the specific capacitance of the composite electrode can reach 637.4 F/g.At a scan rate of 50 mV/s,the AC equivalent impedance is 0.35Ω,the average power density can reach 5.2 kW/kg,after 800 cycles.The retention rate is about 78%;In the preparation process of direct hydrothermal synthesis,when the mass ratio of rGO,MoS₂and RuO₂ is 2:1:5 for rGO/MoS₂/RuO₂ composite electrode materials,at scan rate of 10mV/s.The specific capacity is up to 509 F/g,the AC equivalent impedance is 0.28Ω,the average power density is 4.37 kW/kg,and the capacity retention rate after 800 cycles is84%.In general,the rGO/MoS₂/RuO₂ composite electrode prepared by multi-layer packaging technology is greater than the ternary composite electrode prepared by direct hydrothermal method.Finally,the optimized electrode is assembled into an analog hybrid capacitor for charge and discharge testing.,and its specific energy is up to 657mAh/g,which is higher than the energy density of a common carbon electrode hybrid supercapacitor,but the cycle stability performance is slightly inferior.更多还原