【作者】 陈洁；

【导师】 胡学相；

【作者基本信息】 华南理工大学 ， 法律（法学）（专业学位）， 2018， 硕士

【摘要】 对刑事被害人进行保护的思想和实践,西方社会早已有之。现代法治国家更是高度重视对刑事被害人的权利保护。从二十世纪六十年代起,很多国家和地区陆续建立了国家对刑事被害人的特殊保护制度—刑事被害人国家补偿制度,即国家对符合法定条件的刑事被害人,依照法定程序,对其因犯罪遭受的损失给予弥补。近年来,我国理论界对刑事被害人国家补偿制度给予了高度的关注,展开了广泛、深入地研究。实务界也相应地进行了一系列地有益探索,许多地方相继开展了对刑事被害人进行国家补偿的试点。从目前各地试点的情况来看,现有规定在保护被害人权利、改善被害人生活、维护社会和谐稳定等方面发挥了重大作用。但是,由于缺乏统一的法律规范,该制度在实践中多有掣肘,难以发挥出其全部功效。鉴于此,我国应该从制度层面认真落实并解决被害人的救助问题,加快推进统一的被害人国家补偿立法,本文首先从刑事被害人国家补偿制度的基本概述入手,通过对刑事被害人补偿制度中各基本概念的界定明确本文研究的研究对象与范围。在对国家责任说、社会福利说、社会保险说和刑事政策说等刑事被害人国家补偿制度理论学说进行介绍和阐述的基础上,展开对被害人国家补偿理论构建的新思考,在对传统国家责任说渊源社会契约论深入分析的基础上,进行推理和择取,构建更适合被害人补偿制度的理论—有限国家责任说。然后,本文从刑事被害人国家补偿制度的本土实践入手,通过对我国法院系统、检察院系统和公安系统开展被害人补偿试点工作情况的介绍和分析,归纳出我国被害人国家补偿实践呈现的积极效果和暴露的问题缺陷,同时提出我国被害人补偿实践的改革建议。在此基础上,本文从应然和实然两个层面对我国现阶段进行被害人国家补偿立法的必要性和可行性展开充分的论证。最后,对我国刑事被害人国家补偿制度的立法原则、立法设计、与相关制度衔接进行了详细地论证。针对我国实际情况,提出补偿法定、补偿必要、补偿高效原则;对补偿对象、条件和范围、补偿资金、补偿机构以及补偿程序进行了具体设计。更多还原

【Abstract】 Western society already has the thought and practice of protecting the criminal victim.The modern rule of law countries attach great importance to the protection of the rights of criminal victims.Since the 1960 s,many countries and regions have established a special protection system for criminal victims--the national compensation system for criminal victims.The state shall,in accordance with the legal procedure,make up for the losses caused by the crime in accordance with the legal procedures for the criminal victims who meet the statutory conditions.In recent years,China’s theoretical circle has paid great attention to the national compensation system of criminal victims,and has conducted extensive and in-depth research.The practical community has also carried out a series of beneficial explorations,and many places have carried out the trial of national compensation for criminalFrom the current pilot situation,the existing provisions have played a significant role in protecting the rights of victims,improving the lives of the victims and maintaining social harmony and stability.However,due to the lack of uniform legal norms,the system has many constraints in practice,and it is difficult to exert all its functions.In order to promote the legal process of the criminal victim state compensation system,the national compensation system of criminal victims with Chinese characteristics is constructed.In view of this.First of all,the definition of the victim and the analysis of the current situation of the protection of the victim’s rights.On the basis of introducing and expounding the theories of state responsibility,social welfare,social insurance and criminal policy,and so on,the theory of state compensation system for criminal victims is introduced and expounded.New thoughts on the Construction of State compensation Theory for victims,On the basis of the deep analysis of the traditional theory of social contract of the origin of the theory of state responsibility,this paper makes reasoning and selection,and constructs a theory that is more suitable for the compensation system of the victim--Limited State responsibility Theory.Afterwards,Starting with the native practice of the national compensation system for criminal victims,Through the introduction and analysis of the trial work of victim compensation in our country’s court system,procuratorate system and public security system,The positive effects of the practice of national compensation for victims in China and the defects of the problems Finally,.The legislative principle,legislative design and connection with related system of national compensation system for criminal victims in China are discussed in detail.According to the actual situation of our country,the principle of compensation law,compensation necessity and compensation efficiency is put forward,and the object,condition and scope of compensation,compensation fund,compensation organization and compensation procedure are designed concretely.更多还原