【作者】 张莉；

【导师】 王芳；

【作者基本信息】 安徽师范大学 ， 小学教育（专业学位）， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 数学作业在培养学生独立学习能力、促进学生发展、巩固所学知识和反馈学习效果方面占有重要地位。随着“减负”、“增效”的呼声越来越高,数学家庭作业优化设计也备受关注。本文以建构主义理论、多元智力理论、最近发展区理论为依托,在文献梳理的基础上采用问卷调查法和访谈法为主要研究方法,来了解小学高年级数学家庭作业的现状,从而找出其中存在的问题并提出优化设计的合理建议。首先,通过对小学生高年级数学家庭作业的调查了解到作业现状有:学生喜欢数学并且能用端正态度对待数学;学生认为做作业有利于知识学习;作业类型以书面作业为主;作业内容主要是练习册;作业数量较多;作业难度适中;学生和教师对待错题的做法不同;批改作业以教师“全批全改”为主,通过对现状分析来进一步找出作业中存在的问题。其次,由现状发现小学高年级数学家庭作业中存在的问题。主要有家庭作业功能定位单一;家庭作业类型单一;家庭作业内容忽视学生感受;家庭作业数量偏多;作业难度“一刀切”;学生不重视作业中的错题;批改作业主体单一。进一步分析成因主要是学校、教师、家长、学生四方面影响的结果。再次,结合相关教育教学理论,提出以主体性、分层性、发展性、多样性为作业优化设计的原则。最后,提出优化作业设计要从以下几方面入手:综合定位作业功能;多元化设计作业类型;科学设计作业内容;分层设计作业数量和难度;重视作业中错题价值;作业批改和评价多样化。期望本研究对改善教师作业理念、减轻学生作业负担,实现作业最优目的方面有所借鉴。更多还原

【Abstract】 Mathhomework plays an important role in cultivating students’ independent learning ability,promoting student development,consolidating their knowledge and learning effect.With the voice of the "burden" and "efficiency" is getting higher and higher,the optimization design of mathhomework also has attracted much attention.Based on the theory of constructivism,multiple intelligences theory and the theory of recent development area,this paper uses the questionnaire survey and the interview method as the main research methods to understand the current situation of the high-grade math homework in the primary school,then to find out the problems that exist,and put forward reasonable proposals to optimize the design.First of all,through the investigation of high-grade students’ mathhomework to understand the status quo are: Students like mathematics and they can use the correct attitude towards math homework;Students believe that homework is conducive to knowledge learning;The type of mathhomework is mainly written;The workbook is the main source of mathhomework content;Students do more mathhomework every day;The difficulty of mathhomework is moderate;Teachers and students are different in dealing with mistakes;The teacher is responsible for correcting the assignment.Through the analysis of the status quo to further identify the problems in the operation.Second,the following problems can be found in the current situation.mainly problems are that homework function positioning is single;Homework type is single;Homework content ignores students,feeling;The number of traditional operations is high;The difficulty of the operation "one size fits all";Students ignore the value of the mistakes in mathhomework;Teachers modify the mathhomework in a single mode.Further analysis of the main causes are that schools,teachers,parents and students as four aspects of the results together.Thirdly,combining with the theory of related education and teaching,the author puts forward the principle of optimization design based on subjectivity,stratification,development and diversity.Finally,the author proposes to optimize the homework design from the following aspects: Homework function to a comprehensive orientation;The type of homework design should be diversified;Homework content designed to be scientific;The number of hierarchical design and the difficulty of the homework;Emphasis on homework error management;Correcting and evaluation methods need to be diversified.This study was expected to improve teachers’ work philosophy,to reduce the burden of student work and to achieve the purpose of homework.更多还原