【作者】 张超；

【导师】 石斌；

【作者基本信息】 中国石油大学(华东) ， 化学工程与技术， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 新疆克拉玛依原油属于环烷基原油,是制取低凝润滑油基础油的优质原料。在蜡油通过溶剂精制的过程中必然副产一定量的重质环烷酸油,该重质环烷酸每年的产量接近1万吨,而且随着蜡油加工量的增加呈现出逐年递增的趋势。相比于煤柴油馏分中的轻质环烷酸,重质环烷酸酸值较低,相对分子质量较大,粘度和色度较大,目前这一环烷酸资源未被充分开发利用。通过新的化学改质的方法提升重质环烷酸的利用价值具有重要的现实意义。本论文正是基于上述背景,提出由新疆克拉玛依重质环烷酸合成咪唑啉硼酸酯添加剂,并对添加剂的摩擦学性能进行了详细的研究。对原料重质环烷酸的密度、粘度、酸值、化学结构(红外光谱)等基本物化性质进行了测定。以重质环烷酸、β-羟乙基乙二胺为原料,采用溶剂法制备了重质环烷酸咪唑啉中间体。将中间体与硼酸在溶剂中反应制备了重质环烷酸咪唑啉硼酸单酯,然后以化学计量关系分别加入伯醇(共五种,分子结构不同),反应得到咪唑啉硼酸复酯。同时以油酸、硬脂酸、轻质环烷酸作为对比羧酸原料,按上述方式制备了不同羧酸来源的咪唑啉硼酸复酯。采用红外光谱仪对咪唑啉硼酸酯的化学结构进行了表征。对不同来源的多种咪唑啉硼酸酯添加剂的油溶性、水解稳定性进行了系统评价,然后在四球摩擦磨损试验仪上系统考察了各种咪唑啉硼酸酯添加剂对混合基础油(150BS-500 SN)摩擦学性能的影响,着重考察了添加剂含量、载荷对基础油摩擦学性能的影响。结果表明:咪唑啉硼酸单酯与正构脂肪醇反应得到的咪唑啉硼酸复酯添加剂具有较好的油溶性及水解稳定性。在基础油中加入了咪唑啉硼酸酯添加剂后,磨斑直径明显减小,承载能力有所提高,但与硫、磷剂相比,极压性能尚不明显。本论文中制备出具有良好油溶性和较好抗磨性的咪唑啉硼酸复酯润滑油添加剂H-BN5。对以重质环烷酸为原料制备的咪唑啉硼酸复酯添加剂(H-BN5)与传统的极压剂硫化异丁烯(T321)的复配摩擦学性能研究结果表明:T321单独使用时的抗磨性能较差,通过与H-BN5添加剂复配后,其抗磨性能显著提高。两种添加剂的复配效应不但提高了H-BN5的极压性能,而且明显避免了T321单独使用时抗磨性能较差的问题。更多还原

【Abstract】 Xinjiang Karamay crude oil,as a typical naphthenic oil,is a good raw material for preparing lubricant base oil with low pouring point.In the process of solvent refining,the heavy naphthenic acid would be produced from VGO.The annual production is about ten thousand tons and this number has been increasing year by year.The heavy naphthenic acid is different from the light naphthenic acid from kerosene and diesel,since the former is characterized by low acid value,large relative molecular weight,high viscosity,and dark color.Since the heavy naphthenic acid has not been fully developed and utilized,it is important to enhance utilization value of heavy naphthenic acid through chemical modification.In this thesis,some imidazoline borates were prepared using the heavy naphthenic acid as feedstock,and their tribological performance were tested in detail.The basic properties of the heavy naphthenic acid were determined,such as density,viscosity,acid value and chemical structure.Using the heavy naphthenic acid and β-hydroxyethyl ethylenediamine as raw materials,the imidazoline intermediate was synthesized.Then the imidazoline borates were finally prepared using the imidazoline intermediate,solvent,boric acid and alcohols with different carbon number as feedstocks.For the contrast of the heavy naphthenic acid,Oleic acid,Stearic acid or Light naphthenic acid was used to produce the corresponding borates.All of the imidazoline borates were characterized by infrared spectrometer in detail.The oil solubility and the hydrolysis stability of additives were evaluated and their tribological performance in base oil(150 BS-500 SN)was tested by Four-ball testing machine.The effects of the concentration and the load on wear scar diameter were studied.The results showed that the additives prepared with the imidazoline intermediate,boric acid and alcohols,were good for the oil solubility and the hydrolytic stability.Adding the additives to the base oil,the wear scar diameter decreased and the carrying capacity increased,but the extreme pressure performance was not obviously improved compared to the additives contained sulfur or phosphorus.In general,the imidazoline borate(H-BN5)using the heavy naphthenic acid as feedstock has good oil solubility and anti-wear performance.H-BN5 was combined with the traditional extreme pressure agent sulphide isobutene(T321)and the tribological performance of the combined system was researched.It showed that the anti-wear performance of T321 was poor when used in isolation,but the anti-wear performance would be improved significantly when combined with H-BN5.All in all,the extreme pressure performance of H-BN5 and the anti-wear performance of T321 were obviously improved when these two additives were combined.更多还原