【作者】 张勇；

【导师】 周宝同；

【作者基本信息】 西南大学 ， 自然地理学， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 土地作为产业发展重要的生产要素之一,是产业发展必然所倚重的空间和场所,是产业发展的重要物质载体,对产业发展起到关键的支撑作用。在二十一世纪改革开放和经济快速发展的形势下,学术界和广大社会一直致力于研究如何更加合理利用土地的系统性课题。土地利用问题影响社会经济发展,生态环境问题和社会和谐稳定。在社会经济发展推动产业结构的不断调整的前提下,必然对土地利用结构提出新的要求,进而影响土地的需求量、城市各类用地的规模和空间布局。由此可见,土地利用结构与产业结构是相互影响、相互作用的统一体。如何协调产业结构变动与土地利用结构调整之间的关系,解决经济发展与土地资源稀缺之间的矛盾,实现土地利用结构与产业结构的“双优化”,成为社会关注的问题,对于经济社会健康发展具有重要的现实意义。结合当前国家和地区产业结构和土地利用结构的演变历程和发展趋势,在产业经济学、地理学、土地学、社会学等理论的支撑和指导下,借鉴系统学、统计学、计量学等多学科的研究思路与研究方法,遵循“基础理论—样区实证—对策调控”的研究框架。第一,系统梳理和分析、归纳了国内外土地利用结构、产业结构以及二者关系研究的主要成果和未来趋势,找寻本文的突破点和可能的创新点;第二,分别对隆昌市全市和各街镇的土地利用结构和产业结构现状进行了分析,研究了土地利用景观特征,包括PD(斑块密度)、LPI(最大斑块面积比)、LSI(景观形状指数)、CONTAG(蔓延度)、COHESION(斑块连接度指数)、SPLIT(分离度指数)、SHDI(香农多样性指数)、SHEI(均匀度指数)和AI(景观聚合度)等主要指标,并运用结构变化率和均衡度指标对土地利用结构和产业结构的演变特征进行剖析和归纳;第三,构建变系数回归模型,从全市和各街镇层面测度产业结构对于土地利用结构的影响效应,揭示影响的性质和大小;第四,找出驱动土地利用覆被变化的主要因子,剖析隆昌市和各街镇产业结构、土地利用结构和二者协调发展方面存在的突出问题,并提出调控策略。论文主要研究结论包括:(1)借助遥感手段,获取隆昌市2000年、2005年、2010年和2015年四期遥感影像资料,在与处理的基础上对影像的精度进行评价,得到Kappa指数分别为0.813、0.821、0.831、0.826,遥感影像解译精度均达到80%以上,满足研究需求。(2)隆昌市土地利用结构变化情况。从全市土地利用结构来看,不同土地利用类型用地规模大小总体呈现耕地>林地>建设用地>水域>草地>未利用地的结构,其在全市用地总面积中的占比分别为66.91%、13.79%、13.76%、5.40%、10.75%和3.70%;斑块密度、最大斑块面积比、景观形状指数等9个土地利用景观指数的时序演变特征表明,隆昌市全市的土地利用与开发的细碎化程度呈现不断提升的态势;全市六大类土地利用结构的整体变化率呈现不断升高的态势,表明不同时期土地利用总体规模变化的幅度和强度在不断增加;而六大类土地利用结构的整体均衡度呈现不断升高的态势,表明不同年份间各类土地利用类型之间规模的差距在不断缩小。(3)区域性土地利用结构变化情况。从全市19个街镇的土地利用结构来看,我们把隆昌市分为三个类型,分别是建设用地为主、林地利用为主和水域利用为主,具体而言古湖街道、金鹅街道和山川镇土地利用以建设用地为主,石燕桥镇、届市镇和圣灯镇土地利用以林地为主,古湖街道则以水域为主的;从19个街镇不同土地利用类型规模的演变来看,我们把隆昌市分为建设用地增加型和减少型,具体而言古湖街道、金鹅街道、山川镇等13个街镇的建设用地出现增加,响石镇、双凤镇和迎祥镇等6个镇出现了减少;我们把隆昌市分为耕地面积增加型和减少型,具体而言龙市镇、迎祥镇和届市镇等9个街镇的耕地面积出现增加,古湖街道、金鹅街道、山川镇等10个街镇出现了减少;我们把隆昌市分为林地面积增加型和减少型,具体而言古湖街道、响石镇、黄家镇等8个街镇的林地面积出现增加,金鹅街道、山川镇、圣灯镇等11个街镇出现减少;我们把隆昌市分为草地面积增加型和减少型,具体而言除石燕桥镇外,其余18个街镇的草地面积都出现了增加;还有未利用土地的变化,具体来说金鹅街道、山川镇和云顶镇等3个镇的未利用地面积出现了减少,其与街镇无变化。(4)隆昌市产业结构变化情况。从全市产业结构来看,第一产业产值规模增长了229104.77万元,占比下降了13.17个百分点;第二产业产值规模增长了229104.77万元,占比上升了26.72个百分点;第三产业产值规模增长了471871万元,占比下降了13.55个百分点;全市产业结构的整体变化率呈现先提升后降低的态势,表明2005-2010年各产业结构的变化不断增强,而2010-2015年的产业结构变化的幅度和强度出现回落;全市产业结构的整体均衡度呈现不断降低的态势,表明不同年份间各产业门类之间的产值规模差距在不断加大。(5)区域性产业结构变化情况。从全市19个街镇的产业结构来看,三次产业产值呈现从“3-2-1”到“2-3-1”转变的态势,且所有乡镇三次产业都出现了不同幅度的增长。桂花井镇第一产业的增长幅度最大,增加了10660.80万元;李市镇第二产业的增长幅度最大,增加了53486.87万元;金鹅街道第三产业的增长幅度最大,增加了323521.33万元。(6)土地利用结构变化与乡镇产业结构变化关系密切。从产业结构对土地利用结构的影响来看,全市产业结构对土地利用结构的正向影响十分明显,三个时期C值影响强度分别为1.5216、3.6035和0.1837,影响强度经历了先提高再降低的过程;19个街镇产业结构对土地利用结构的影响均为正向影响。其中,市区所在地古湖街道和金鹅街道产业结构对土地利用结构影响最为强烈,二者的影响强度分别为2.07和2.69,其余街镇影响相对较小。经过分析发现,批发和零售业、建筑业是推动隆昌市土地利用结构变化的主要驱动因素,其对各个地类面积变化的影响(关联度)均较高;目前隆昌市产业结构与土地利用结构协调有序发展存在耕地快速减少、建设用地增长过快、用地和产业空间错位等问题,需要在严格保护耕地、提高建设用地使用效率、合理引导各街镇产业和用地空间布局等方面加强与完善。(7)从土地利用结构驱动因子来看,批发和零售业、建筑业是推动隆昌市土地利用结构变化的主要驱动因素;从土地利用观景指数驱动因子来看,建筑业斑块密度指数的影响最大,林业对斑块密度指数的影响最小;农业对土地利用景观形状指数的影响最大,仓储和邮政业对土地利用景观形状指数的影响最小;农业对香农多样性指数的影响最强,工业对香农多样性指数的影响最弱。更多还原

【Abstract】 As one of the most essential production factors of industrial development,land is regarded as an inevitable space and place for industrial development.It plays important roles as the carrier and the holding power in the development of industry.Under the circumstances of reform and opening up to the outside world,along with the rapid growth of social economy in the 21^st century,the issue of how to utilize land resource effectively has aroused extensive concern of scholars in the academic field and pioneers in the society.Land use problems affect economic development,ecological environment as well as the harmony and stability of the society.Under the premise of constantly adjustment caused by the result of social economic development pushing forward the industrial structure,it is necessary to propose a new request on the structure of land use,which will further influence the demand of land,the scale and the spatial distribution of various land resource in urban areas.Therefore,the relationship between the land use structure and industrial structure can be conceived as a unity of interaction.Several issues on how to coordinate the relationship between the change of industrial structure and the adjustment of land use structure,how to solve the contradiction between the economic development and the shortage of land resource,and how to realize"double optimization"of land utilization and industrial structure,have becoming a major concern among the society.It is of great practical significance to the healthy development of the economic society.Under the guidance of the theories in industrial economics,geography,land science,sociology,etc,the thesis also take the evolutionary review and the developing trend of current national and regional industrial structure in to consideration,as well as the structure of land resource utilization.It makes use of research ideas and techniques which have been used in the field of systematics,statistics,metrology,and other disciplines.The organization of the thesis is built by following the research framework of"basic theories--sample region empirical--countermeasures”.Firstly,the thesis systematically summarizes and analyzes the domestic and international research achievements and future trend on the topic of land use structure and industrial structure as well as their relationship,hoping to make a breakthrough and create a possible innovation;secondly,the thesis respectively analyzes the current situation of land use structure and industrial structure in both the urban areas and the street towns of Longchang,and studies the feature related to the landscape of land utilization,including the important index of PD（patch density）,LPI（largest patch index）,LSI（landscape shape index）,CONTAG（contagion）,COHESION,SPLIT（splitting index）,SHDI（Shannon’s diversity index）,SHEI,and AI;Thirdly,construct the regression model of variable coefficient,and measure the influence of the industrial structure on land use structure from the urban areas to the 19 towns in order to reveal the nature and size of the influence;what’s more,this thesis in tends to figure out the key factors of the driving force behind the change of land use cover and analyze some outstanding problems existing in the development of industrial structure and land use structure in Longchang,as well as propose some countermeasures.The conclusion of the thesis includes:（1）With the aid of remote sensing method,we can obtain remote sensing image data of Longchang of in the year of 2000,2005,2000 and 2015.Processing the four images and then evaluating the precision of them,we can respectively get the result of Kappa index.They are 0.813,0.821,0.831,and 0.821.This shows that the precision of remote sensing interpretation is higher than 80%,in other words,it successfully meets the needs of study.（2）The thesis also conlcudes the changes of land use structure in Longchang In the perspective of land use structure of the whole city in Longchang,the scale of different land use types presents the following structure:arable land>woodland>land used for construction>water area>grassland>unused land,which accounts for 66.91%,13.79%,13.76%,13.79%,10.75%and 3.70%of the total proportion of land use respectively.The evolution characteristics of the landscape index relating to the other 9types of land use,including the patch density,largest patch area,landscape shape index.etc,show a continuous increasing trend on the degree of land use and the development of land.On one hand,the continuous increasing trend of the overall change rate,in terms of the six major types of land use structure of the whole city,indicates that the scale of the total land use increases greatly and deeply at different periods of time.On the other hand,the increasing trend of the overall equilibrium degree relating to the six types of land use indicates that the gap between the various types of land use is narrowing year by year.（3）Changes of regional land use structure is also concerned in this thesis.From the view of 19 towns’land use structure,we can classify land use of Longchang into three types,that is,land mainly used for construction,land mainly used for forest and water area.In detail,land used for construction can mainly be found in Guhu,Jin’e and Shanchuan;land used for forest is mainly in Shi Yanqiao,Jieshi and Shengdeng;water area were is mainly in Guhu Street.From the view of the changing scale of different types of land use,we can classify the land use of Longchang into the increasing type and the decreasing type of land used for construction.In detail,land used for construction increased in 13 towns including Guhu,Jin’e,and Shanchuan;it,however,decreased in 6 towns including Xiangshi,Shuangfeng,and Yingxiang.If we classify land use into the increasing type and the decreasing type of arable land,we will find that arable land increased in 9 towns,including Longshi,Yingxiang and Jieshi,while it decreased in 10 towns,including Guhu,Jin’e and Shanchuan.If we classify land use into the increasing type and the decreasing type of woodland,we will find that woodland increased in 8 towns,including Guhu,Xiangshi and Huangjia,but it decreased in 11 towns such as Jin’e,Shanchuan and Shengdeng.Moreover,if we classify land use into the increasing type and decreasing type of grassland,we will notice that grassland increased in all the 18 towns except Shi Yanqiao.Lastly,unused land decreased in 3 towns such as Jin’e,Shanchuan and Yunding,while other towns remained steady.（4）The thesis concludes the changes of industrial structure in Longchang According to the total output value of the city’s three major industries,primary industry increased by 2291.04 million yuan,with a decline of 13.17 percentage points;secondary industry increased by 2291.04 million yuan,with an increase of 26.72 percentage points;tertiary industry increased by 4718.71 million yuan,accounting for a decline of 13.55percentage points.Generally speaking,the changing rate of the city’s industrial structure appears to be a tendency of declining after promoting,which suggests that the change of industrial structure had constantly intensified from 2005 to 2010 but the change had constantly weakened from 2010 to 2015.The continuous decreasing tendency of the overall change rate relating to the city’s industrial structure shows that the gap of the output value between different industry is widening year by year.（5）The thesis draws a conclusion on the changes of regional industrial structure.Viewing from 19 towns’industrial structure,the output value of the three major industrial had changed from"3-2-1"to"2-3-1",and all of them had experienced different growth rates.The primary industry in Guihuajing town increased by a largest margin,by 10660.80 million yuan.The growth of the secondary industry in Lishi town was the largest,with a rise of 53486.87 million yuan.The growth of the tertiary industry in the Jin’e Street was the largest,with an increase of 323521.33 million yuan.（6）The change of land use is closely allied to the change of industrial structure in Longchang city.In the terms of the relationship between industrial structure on and land use structure,industrial structure has a positive influence on land use structure.C-value at three different periods of time was respectively 1.5216,3.6035 and 0.1837,which indicates that the effectiveness had experienced a process from rise to decline.;Nevertheless,the influence of 19 towns’industrial structure on land use structure was positive.In detail,the industrial structure of Guhu Street and Jin’e Street had the most significant influence on land use structure.The influence intensity of the two was 2.07and 2.69,while the influence intensity of the other towns was relatively smaller.Through careful analysis,the wholesale&retail and construction were the main driving factors behind the changes of land use structure in Longchang,and their impacts on the change of land area were relatively higher.In current situation,there still exists a lot of difficulties and problems remained to be solved in the harmonious development of industrial structure and land use structure,such as a rapid decline in cultivated land,a sharply growth in construction landt,and a mismatch of land use and industrial space.,In order to solve these problems,we need to take actions in the following ways.First of all,we should protect arable land as much as possible.Secondly,we need to use land resource for construction more effectively.Last but not the least,we should improve the spatial distribution between industry and land use.（7）In the view of the driving factors behind land use structure,the wholesale&retail and construction business are the driving force behind the change of land use structure in Longchang.In terms of driving factors behind the view index of land utilization,construction has a great impact on the patch density,while forestry has the smallest impact on it.Agriculture has the strongest impact on land utilization view shape factor,while storage and post service has the smallest.In terms of Shannon’s diversity index（SHDI）,agriculture has the strongest impact,while industry has the smallest.更多还原