【作者】 张宇；

【导师】 李和平；

【作者基本信息】 东北林业大学 ， 动物遗传育种与繁殖， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 2015年4月从新西兰引进的28头(16♂、12♀)白赤鹿成功到达辽阳千山呈龙科技有限公司鹿场,标志着国内首个白赤鹿种群—“辽阳白赤鹿种群”的诞生和建立。由于白赤鹿从南半球的新西兰引入到北半球的中国,其必将要经过反季节适应过程来适应国内环境。本研究自2015年3月至2017年3月,通过观察、扫描取样法、目标取样法、比对法等,以国内马鹿为对照,对白赤鹿行为、被毛更替、茸角脱落再生与生长、繁殖等进行了两年细致的研究,旨在了解、掌握白赤鹿反季节适应过程中的表征特性,并为动物反季节适应生理机制调节研究奠定前期基础,为物种引入、鹿科动物资源保护利用提供基础理论参考。本研究主要结果如下:(1)正值发情配种期的白赤鹿反季节引进后,在行为上与国内马鹿存在较大差异。经过9个月的季节性适应,雄性白赤鹿、未妊娠雌性白赤鹿,于翌年2月份以后与国内马鹿行为上基本一致。而引进前/后妊娠的雌性白赤鹿,则需经过18个月以上的季节性适应,于翌年11月份以后才能与国内马鹿在行为上相似。(2)正值冬毛生长的白赤鹿反季节引入后,其被毛将继续保持冬毛生长的进程,持续时间57d;之后冬毛脱换持续47d,夏毛持续21d后开始脱换,脱换持续90d,当年被毛脱换持续时间显著短于国内马鹿。翌年白赤鹿冬毛脱换持续75d,夏毛脱换持续133d,被毛脱换持续时间与国内马鹿基本相一致。白赤鹿被毛更替适应过程持续11个月;白赤鹿和马鹿冬毛、夏毛换毛顺序一致;马鹿冬毛脱换持续74d,夏毛脱换持续130d。(3)国内马鹿角(盘)脱落时间在3月26日左右,生茸期126d左右。正值茸角(盘)骨化期的白赤鹿反季节引入后,当年角(盘)脱落比国内马鹿延迟105d,角(盘)脱落时间在7月9日左右;生茸期仅64d,比国内马鹿生茸期短62d;翌年白赤鹿角(盘)脱落时间在4月21日左右,生茸期106d;白赤鹿茸角再生与生长的适应要持续12个月。(4)白赤鹿反季节引入适应后,其在休息、采食行为的时间分配比例上显著小于马鹿(p<0.05),而在站立、运动行为时间分配比例上显著大于马鹿(p<0.05),表明白赤鹿行为特性较马鹿更为活跃。(5)正值发情配种期的白赤鹿,若雌性在反季节引进前/后妊娠,则其妊娠不受光照增长、夏季温度等环境影响而继续正常妊娠、产仔;若雌性白赤鹿反季节引进前/后未妊娠,则当年秋季即可发情、配种,并于翌年产仔。更多还原

【Abstract】 On April 17,2015,28 white red deer imported from New Zealand(16 male and 12 female)successfully arrived in liaoyang qianshan dragon technology co.,LTD.deer farm,marked the birth and establishment of the first domestic white red deer population-liaoyang white red deer populations.As white red deer from New Zealand which is seated at the southern hemisphere are intrduced into China which is seated at the northern hemisphere,it will go through the anti-season adaptation process to adapt to the domestic environment.From March 2015 to March 2017 in liaoyang area,taking domestic red deer as control,this study observed the behavior,the hair moult process,the antler regeneration and growth,breeding characteristics of white red deer which introduced to anti-season by scanning sampling method and the target sampling method,contrast method,to studying the superficial characteristics change of white red deer which introduced to anti-season,The purpose and meaning is in order to the introduction of more global species,and providing the basis theoretical reference for cervidae animal resources protection and research.Main results are as follows:(1)When white red deer in the mating season were introduced,there was a big difference in behavior with the domestic red deer.After nine months of seasonal adjustment,male white red deer and un-pregnant female white red deer,was basically in line with the domestic red deer at February of the next year.Pregnant female white red deer was similar to the domestic red deer at November of the next year after eighteen months of seasonal adjustment.(2)When white red deer in the growth of winter hair were introduced,it would continue the process of the growth of winter hair,and it continued 57 d.Then winter hair moult continued 47 d.After the summer hair maintained 21 d,it started to moult,and continued 90 d,it was significantly shorter than the domestic red deer at that year.The following year,winter hair moult of white red deer continued 75 d,summer hair moult continued 133 d,the hair moult duration was consistent with the domestic red deer.The hair moult process lasted eleven months.Winter hair moult sequence and summer hair moult sequence of white red deer and red deer is consistent.Winter hair moult of red deer continued 74 d,summer hair moult continued 130 d.(3)Antlers off time of the domestic red deer was around March 26,antler growth period continued 126 d.When white red deer which antlers was in the ossification period was introduced,its antlers off time delayed 105 d then domestic red deer,and its antlers off time was around July 9,antler growth period continued only 64 d,62d shorter than domestic red deer within period.The following year,Antlers off time of white red deer was around April 21,antler growth period continued 106d;The antler regeneration and growth adaption of white red deer continued twelve months.(4)After adaption of white red deer which introduced to anti-season,the proportion of time allotted for resting and feeding behavior was significantly less than red deer(p < 0.05),The proportion of time allotted for locomotive and standing behavior was significantly more than red deer(p < 0.05),that said the behavior characteristics of white red deer is more active than red deer.(5)When white red deer in the mating season was introduced,female white red deer is not affected by the environment,such as light increase,summer temperature and continued to give birth if they had pregnancy;White red deer could go into heat in the fall of that year,and to litter in the following year if they were not pregnancy.更多还原