【作者】 何超；

【导师】 李天明；

【作者基本信息】 电子科技大学 ， 电子科学与技术， 2018， 硕士

【摘要】 相对论磁控管是一种重要的高功率微波源,它普遍应用在雷达、电子对抗、拒止武器、工业等相关系统。它采用爆炸发射阴极,可以轻易获得GW以上输出功率。然而,在实际应用中,相对论磁控管存在几方面不足,限制了其应用。首先,尽管相对论磁控管工作原理与普通磁控管相同,只是相对论磁控管的工作电压和工作电流更大,但其工作效率通常在百分之二十以下,远小于普通磁控管百分之八十的工作效率,造成了资源的浪费。其次,相对论磁控管的输出功率可达GW以上,对输出天线的功率容量要求很高,因此人们通常采用喇叭天线作为其输出天线但仍不能很好的满足要求。为了提高相对论磁控管的工作效率以及减少单根天线的功率容量要求,采用多端口输出成为一个可行的方案。本文将对相对论磁控管多端口输出特性进行理论和实验研究。早期的研究认为,随着输出端口的增加,相对论磁控管的输出功率会呈线性增加而不会使其频率发生偏移。事实上,随着输出端口的增加,相对论磁控管的高频结构发生了变化,这不仅会对相对论磁控管的有载Q值产生影响,而且也会导致其工作频率发生漂移。本文首先通过电磁仿真软件研究了相对论磁控管的谐振模式、工作区间,接着计算了 1-6个输出端口时相对论磁控管的输出功率、工作频率以及有载Q值。研究表明多端口对称输出时,管子可以得到稳定的输出,非对称输出结构会导致起振过慢、竞争激烈、输出不稳定等现象;随着输出端口的增加,有载Q值会随之降低;输出端口会改变高频结构,使之从同腔变成异腔,谐振频率会因此改变。为了验证电磁仿真结果,我们对单端口和二端口输出进行了实验论证。实验表明,在工作电压为750KV,输出只有一个端口时,相对论磁控管的输出频率在1.3GHz左右,输出功率为800MW;在两端口对称输出时,输出频率为0.96GHz,总输出功率为1.1GW,输出功率和效率有了明显的增加,但频率下降严重。本文较为详细的对相对论磁控管多端口输出特性进行了研究,弥补了早期相关研究的不足,为相对论磁控管的设计提供了较有价值的参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Relativistic magnetron is an important source of high-power microwave.It is widely used in radar,electronic countermeasures,weapons and industrial systems.It is easy to obtain large power by using the explosive cathode.However,in practical applications,relativistic magnetron has several shortcomings,which limits its application.First,although the working principle of the relativistic magnetron is the same as that of the ordinary magnetron,the working voltage and the working current of the relativistic magnetron are much larger,but the working efficiency is usually less than twenty percent,which is much less than the efficiency of the ordinary magnetron eighty percent,resulting in the waste of the source.Secondly,the output power of the relativistic magnetron can reach more than GW,and the power capacity of the output antenna is very high.Therefore,the horn antenna is usually used as its output antenna,but it still can not meet the requirements very well.In order to improve the efficiency of relativistic magnetron and reduce the power capacity requirement of single antenna,multi port output is a feasible solution.This thesis will theoretically and experimentally study the multiport output characteristics of relativistic magnetron.Earlier studies have shown that the output power of relativistic magnetron will increase linearly with the increase of output port,and the frequency will not shift.In fact,with the increase of the output port,the high frequency structure of the relativistic magnetron has changed,which will not only affect the Q value of the relativistic magnetron,but also lead to the shift of its working frequency.In this thesis,the resonant mode and working range of the relativistic magnetron are studied by electromagnetic simulation software,and then the output power,working frequency and Q value of the relativistic magnetron are calculated when the 1-6 output ports are used.The study shows that the relativistic magnetron can get stable output when the output of port is symmetry,the asymmetric output structure will lead to slow vibration,fierce competition,unstable output and so on.With the increase of the output port,the Q value will be reduced,and the output port will change the high frequency structure from the same cavity to the different cavity and the resonant frequency.It will change.In order to verify the electromagnetic simulation results,we demonstrate the output of single port and two port.The experiment shows that when the output voltage is 750KV and the output is only one port,the output frequency of the relativistic magnetron is about 1.3 GHz and the output power is 800MW;the output frequency is 0.96GHz and the total output power is 1.1 GW when the two port is symmetrical output,the output power and efficiency have been obviously increased,but the frequency decline is serious.In this paper,the multi port output characteristic of the relativistic magnetron is studied in detail,which makes up the deficiency of the early related research,and provides a valuable reference for the design of the relativistic magnetron.更多还原