【作者】 刘畅；

【导师】 李志坚；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 生态学， 2018， 硕士

【摘要】 本试验以10个不同品种的皮燕麦为研究对象,通过比较其产草量、籽粒产量、归一化植被指数(NDVI)、叶绿素含量及地下根系生物量等农艺性状,选择出适宜在吉林西部栽培的高产型燕麦品种,并为吉林省西部燕麦育种提供理论指导。进而将高产型燕麦品种进行复种,并结合紫花苜蓿进行轮作倒茬。通过比较燕麦(饲草)—燕麦(饲草)复种模式、燕麦(饲草)—苜蓿轮作倒茬模式、燕麦(籽粒)—苜蓿轮作倒茬模式和燕麦(籽粒)—燕麦复种模式中燕麦和苜蓿的农艺性状、营养品质及其产生的经济效益,可以为吉林省西部燕麦种植提供合理的种植参考模式。本试验所得结论如下:(1)10个燕麦品种中刀客产量最高为6.27t/ha,其次为牧思乐、林讷和加燕2号。燕麦的干草产量与其茎叶比极显著负相关,与茎秆重极显著正相关。因此,选择茎秆较重的燕麦进行育种,可达到获得高产型燕麦的目的,如刀客、牧思乐等。(2)10个燕麦品种中青燕1号的种子产量最高为1.79t/ha,牧思乐最低1.02t/ha。籽粒产量仅与单穗粒数显著正相关,而与其他指标相关性较弱。因此,若以收获燕麦籽实为主要目的,应选择单穗籽粒数较多的燕麦品种进行种植,可考虑青燕1号、青海444等品种。(3)燕麦(饲草)—燕麦(饲草)复种模式中,在灌浆期第一季燕麦干草产量为7.28t/ha,第二季燕麦为6.06t/ha。并且,两季燕麦的营养品质只有灌浆期的粗蛋白含量有差异。因此,在吉林省西部完成一年两季燕麦种植模式对饲草品质没有影响。(4)燕麦(饲草)—苜蓿轮作倒茬模式中,初花期所收获轮作倒茬苜蓿的干草产量为1.53t/ha。虽然低于一年种植两季燕麦产生的经济效益,但是,紫花苜蓿作为多年生牧草具有较强的再生性能,在之后几年产生的经济效益可观,可弥补苜蓿第一年产量少的弊端。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this study,ten different varieties of oats(Avena sativa L.)were selected to compare the biomass,grain yield,Normalized Differnce Vegetation Index(NDVI)chlorophyll content and underground root biomass etc,aim to selected the high yield genotypes and providing theoretical guidance for oat breeding in the western Jilin Province.Moreover,mutiple cropping and crop rotation systerm between high yield oat and alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.)were conducted in the sandy field condition.The comparation of agronomical and quality of fodder between oat(forage)-oat(forage)cropping systerm,oat(forage)-alfalfa rotation systerm,oat(grain)-oat(forage)cropping systerms were conducted to test the planting performance in western Jinlin province.The main results are as follows:(1)The highest yield among 10 oat varieties was genotype Daoke(6.27t/ha),followed by Musile,linna and Jiayan 2.The hay yield of oats were significantly and negatively correlated to stem to leaf ratio,while it was significantly positive correlated with stem weight.Therefore,selecting oats with heavier stems can achieve the purpose of high-yield oat genotype selection,such as the genotypes Daoke and Musile.(2)The highest seed yield among 10 oat varieties was Qingyan 1(1.79 t/ha),while the difference of seed yield of the other eight varieties was not significant.Grain yield was positively correlated only with grain number per spike,but not with other traits.Therefore,in case breeding aim to higher grain yield,selecting the variety of oat with a large number in spike will be the key breeding strategy,thus the genotype Qingyan No.1 and Qinghai 444 will be the high seed genotype.(3)In the oat(forage)-oat(forage)cropping pattern,during the first season harvisting in grain filling,the hay yield of oats was 7.28 t/ha and that of second season was 6.06 t/ha.Moreover,the difference of nutritional quality of oats in the two season was founded no difference in the grain filling stage.Therefore,in the two harvesting pattern of oat forage,it can be achived in the western Jilin Province.(4)In the cropping pattern of oat(forage)-alfalfa rotation,the hay yield of re-cropping alfalfa hay yield was 1.53 t/ha in early flowering period,which was lower than the economic benefit two seasons oat cropping.However,as perennial herbage,alfalfa has a strong regeneration performance,and the economic benefit produced in the following years is considerable,which can make up the shortcoming of the low yield of Alfalfa in the first year.更多还原