【作者】 周然；

【导师】 孙迎联；

【作者基本信息】 东南大学 ， 思想政治教育， 2018， 硕士

【摘要】 自改革开放以来,我国大力推进扶贫开发工作,贫困地区的基础设施越来越完善,农民收入逐年增加,农村贫困人口大幅减少,我国贫困现状进入一个新的阶段。2013年11月3号习近平总书记来到十八洞村考察扶贫开发,首次提出“精准扶贫”理念,为脱贫攻坚提供了一把“金钥匙”。中共十九大报给中习近平总书记提出我国六千万贫困人口稳定脱贫,贫困发生率从百分之二十下降到百分之四,,到2020年全面建成小康社会,农村贫困人口全面实现脱贫,贫困县全部摘帽,解决区域性整体贫困,做到脱真贫、真脱贫。然而,若实现全面消灭贫困不是一件容易的事,还有许多问题需要解决。其中十二届全国人大二次会议习近平指出“要扎实推进扶贫开发工作,扶真贫、真扶贫。各级领导干部一定要多到农村地区去,多到贫困地区去,把扶贫开发工作抓紧抓紧再抓紧,做实做实再做实,真正使贫困地区群众不断得到真实惠。”习近平总书记提出的精准扶贫机制中,精准识别机制是首要前提。为此各地区按照中央要求都对识别方式进行了有益的尝试和探索,并取得了一定的成效。但是依据我国国情,每个地区都有自己特殊的省情、地情,在执行精准识别政策时,部分地区在精准识别贫困人口过程中面临诸多问题,导致识别出的贫困人口错误率较高。笔者为了更加准确地探析出精准识别机制在实施过程中遇到的困境,进行了田野调查和访谈,用数据和案例来论证观点。以河南省固始县为实例,主要表现在:识别过程中,识别标准不一致、群众参与度不高、程序不够民主、方法不够科学,村级干部缺少监督等问题。为了更好地精准识别贫困人口,笔者针对精准识别中存在的一系列问题,认真分析并归纳产生问题的因素,主要包括:识别技术方面,识别技术手段抽象,导致识别失真、逐级指标分配与识别对象规模性排斥、贫困人口总量不精准、信息不对称;识别主体方面,扶贫小组成员配备不合理、识别主体单一与扶贫工作量大之间矛盾、农村干部老龄化与工作复杂化之间矛盾;识别对象方面,精准扶贫政策认识不足、传统错误思想根深蒂固、消极参与政务村务。本文以精准识别相关理论为支撑,以案例分析为基础提出了解决精准识别贫困人口过程中所面临困境的创新措施。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since the reform and opening up,China has vigorously promoted poverty alleviation and development work.The infrastructure in poor areas has been continuously improved.The income of peasants has been increasing year by year.The poverty rate has been declining and the number of poor people rural areas has dropped drastically.November 3,2013 General Secretary Xi Jinping visited the 18-hole village for investigation and development of poverty alleviation and put forward the concept of "precise poverty alleviation" for the first time and provided a ’"gold key" to fighting poverty.The CPC Central Committee’s 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China(NPC)reported that China’s 60 million poor people have steadily escalated from poverty,with the incidence of poverty falling from 20%to 4%.By 2020,a well-off society will be built in an all-round way.However,it is not easy to realize the total elimination of poverty,many problems need to be solved.Xi Jinping,member of the Second Session of the 12th National People’s Congress,pointed out:"We must earnestly push forward poverty alleviation and development work,help the poor and really help the poor."Leading cadres at all levels must go to rural areas and go more to poor areas,pay close attention to poverty alleviation and development Pay close attention to the facts,make it real and truthful,and really make the people in poor areas continue to receive real benefits.In order to achieve this goal as soon as possible,General Secretary Xi Jinping put forth the strategic requirement of accurately alleviating poverty,accurate identification mechanism is the first prerequisite.Therefore,various attempts and explorations of identification methods have been made in various places in accordance with the requirements of the Central Government,and some achievements have been achieved.However,in some areas in precision identification process,due to lack of experience,lack of knowledge,inadequate measures and other reasons,there have been a series of problems,as an example of Gushi County,Henan Province,mainly in the identification process,identification standards are inconsistent,the masses Low participation,undemocratic procedures,unscientific methods and lack of supervision by village-level cadres.For the precise identification of a series of problems,careful analysis of the causes of the problem,including:identification technology,the identification of technical means is too,resulting in identification distortion,the level of target allocation and identification of large-scale exclusion,the total population of non-standard,Information asymmetry;the main body of identification,the contradiction between the unreasonable allocation of members of the anti-poverty team,the single major identification and the heavy workload of poverty alleviation,the contradiction between the aging of rural cadres and the complicated work;The impact of the traditional wrong thinking,rural hollow participation in democratic evaluation of few opportunities.On the basis of finding out the problems and analyzing the reasons,the dissertation puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions on the precise identification work:in terms of precise identification,it is still put forward from three aspects,which are to propose innovative measures in terms of identification technology,identification of main body and identification of objects.更多还原