中日高中历史教科书中关于“甲午、日俄和抗日战争”的比较研究

【作者】 杜娟；

【导师】 李秉忠；

【作者基本信息】 陕西师范大学 ， 教育硕士（专业学位）， 2018， 硕士

【摘要】 中日两国就是一衣带水的邻国,从古至今就有着密切的友好往来,但是近代以来两国战争频繁,纷争不断,巨大伤害严重影响了东亚和平发展进程。这些战争不仅是一般意义上的区域冲突,而且是两个文明的碰撞,更是两个民族对地区主导权的争夺,中日两国在双方矛盾的摩擦纠葛中踉跄前行。因此,中日近代战争不可避免地成为两国历史教育者关注和研究的焦点。从20世纪80年代中期开始,日本的历史教育特别是其历史教科书中关于战争历史的叙述,就成为影响中日两国关系正常发展的主要历史问题之一。中日近代战争在两国历史上都占有重要的地位,尤其是甲午、日俄和抗日这三场战争对两国的历史发展进程具有重大的影响。而历史教科书作为各类教学资源中最普通,最直接的一种教学资源,是沟通教师的教和学生的学的主要媒介,对青少年身心的成长和世界公民意识的培养具有不可替代的作用。鉴于此点,通过对两国高中历史教科书的比较研究,从微观角度来进一步认识中日历史教科书中对于战争呈现的异同以及所传达的历史观是很有必要的。本文选取了中日两国影响较大的高中历史教科书为蓝本,对两国历史教科书的基本概况,甲午、日俄和抗日三场战争内容以及课文辅助系统等方面进行比较,最后进行系统总结。笔者试图在前人研究的基础之上从新的角度较为全面地对两国高中历史教科书近代以来三场战争进行探讨,以期通过比较能对我国当前高中历史教科书的编写提出建议,进而加强对日本历史的研究,服务于中日的交往。全文共分为五个部分:第一部分介绍了本文的选题缘由、研究现状以及创新点;第二部分分别对中日高中历史教科书的基本概况进行介绍;第三部分对中日两国五个版本的三场近代战争具体内容进行比较分析,以典型事件“九一八事变”、“卢沟桥事变”“南京大屠杀”等为例细致地剖析两国版本的异同点;第四部分是关于“甲午战争、日俄战争和抗日战争”课文辅助系统的比较,从教科书目录设计、插图设计和注释与课后习题设计三部分进行比较;第五部分由高中历史教科书关于“甲午战争、日俄战争和抗日战争”三场战争呈现异同和日本历史教科书所见历史观及教科书编纂思考两方面组成。通过比较研究,笔者发现中日两国高中历史教科书关于三场战争具体内容的呈现存在一定的差异,这种差异很大程度上是由于两国历史观和战争观不同所致。在教科书结构编排方面,日本高中历史教科书无论在版面设计、内容选取,还是学生主体地位、教学立足点等方面都值得中国学习借鉴。长期以来,日本对待战争的态度成为中日两国交往的历史症结,笔者希望通过对两国近代战争史的研究,不仅可以为高中历史教学提供些许参考,而且有助于培养学生树立高尚的历史责任感和使命感。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since ancient times,Japan and China are close neighbors separated only by a strip of water.And the two countries are inextricably linked with each other.However,in modern times,wars between the two countries were frequent and disputes have continued,seriously affecting the process of peaceful development in East Asia.These wars are not only regional conflicts,but also the collision of two civilizations.And they are also the struggles of the two nations over the dominant power of the region.China and Japan are marching forward in the contradictions between the two sides.Therefore,the modern wars between China and Japan inevitably become the focus of attention and research of the historical educators of the two countries.Since the mid-1980s,history education in Japan,especially the description of wars of modern times in its history textbooks,has become one of the major historical issues affecting the normal development of Sino-Japanese relations.The wars between China and Japan occupy an important position in the history of the two countries.In particular,the three wars of the Sino-Japanese War,Russo-Japanese war and the war of aggression against China have had a great impact on the historical development of the two countries.Historical textbooks,as the most common and direct teaching resources in all kinds of teaching resources,are’ the main medium for teachers’ teaching and students’learning.They play an irreplaceable role in the physical and mental growth of young people and the cultivation of the world’s citizens.In view of this,it is necessary to understand the similarities and differences in the presentation of war and the concept of history conveyed in the history textbooks of two countries from the micro perspective.This paper selects high school history textbooks that have great influence on two countries.Then it compares the basic overview of the two countries’ history textbooks,the content of the Sino-Japanese War,Russo-Japanese war and the War of Resistance Against Japan,and the text auxiliary system.Finally it makes a systematic summary.Based on previous studies,the three wars presented in high school history textbooks of the two countries have been discussed from a new and comprehensive perspective in order to provide suggestions for the compilation of our current high school history textbooks.The thesis is composed of five parts.The first partintroduces the reasons,research status and innovation points of this paper;the second part introduces the basic overview of the high school history textbooks of the two countries;the third part compares and analyzes the specific contents of the three wars between China and Japan which were presented in the five versions in the history textbooks of two countries.The Mukden Incident,the Marco Polo Bridge Incident and the Nanjing Massacre are taken as examples.The paper analyzes the similarities and differences between the two versions of two countries in details.The fourth part is the comparison of the text auxiliary systems of the Sino-Japanese War,the Russo-Japanese War,and the War of Resistance Against Japan.The design of textbook catalog,illustration and annotation as well as after-school exercises are the aspects of comparison.The fifth part presents the similarities and differences between the three wars of the high school history textbooks-the Sino-Japanese War,the Russo-Japanese War,and the War of Resistance against Japan and the conception of history in Japanese history textbooks as well as the reflection of textbook compilation.Through comparative research,the author finds that there are certain differences in the presentation of the specific contents of the three wars in the high school history textbooks of China and Japan.And these differences are largely due to differences in conceptions of history and war between the two countries.In terms of structure of textbooks,Japanese high school history textbooks are worthy of learning for Chinese in terms of layout design,content selection,student status,and teaching standpoints.For a long time,the attitude of Japanese towards the war has become the historical crux of the bilateral exchanges between China and Japan.By studying the history of modern wars in both countries,the author hopes that the study would not only provide some references for high school history teaching,but also help cultivate high sense of historical responsibility and mission among students.更多还原