中国改革开放40年成就及基本经验研究

【作者】 李丽；

【导师】 李安增；

【作者基本信息】 曲阜师范大学 ， 中共党史， 2018， 硕士

【摘要】 1978年,以十一届三中全会为标志,中国开启了改革开放、探索中国特色社会主义的历史征程。四十年来,中国的改革开放取得了举世瞩目的成就,综合国力和人民生活水平有了极大地提升,中国已经前所未有的站在了世界舞台的中央。正如习近平同志在纪念孙中山先生诞辰150周年纪念大会上所指出,我们比历史上任何时候更接近实现中华民族伟大复兴的目标。“以史为鉴可以知兴替”,在中国特色社会主义进入新时代的宏观背景下,深入研究中国改革开放的生动实践,梳理改革开放所取得的成就,深刻总结改革开放的基本经验,以及提出持续推进改革开放的若干思考,对于全面深化改革不仅具有深邃的理论价值,更具有极强的现实指导意义。文章在已有的研究成果基础之上,综合运用文献研究法、历史研究法等方法,对改革开放40年的历程和基本经验等进行系统的梳理和分析:首先,回顾了改革的动因及其概况。改革开放最直接的目的是为了解决中国人民的温饱问题,中国改革开放的启动是从自觉地自下而上推动,进入自上而下科学设计的过程。通过对改革开放启动的必然性分析,为深入探究改革开放基本经验,以及较为严谨的梳理改革开放的历史发展提供认知维度。从这一维度出发,中国的改革开放经历了从摸着石头过河的目标探索时期,到以社会主义市场经济为目标的框架构建时期和体制完善时期,十八大以后相当长的时间内进入全面深化的新历史时期。其次,总结了改革开放所取得的主要成就及深刻影响。在对四十年改革开放历史进程的宏观把握基础上,文章从经济、政治、文化、社会、生态等七个方面梳理改革开放40年的巨大成就及从四个转变阐述了改革开放的突出贡献。指出改革开放使得经济持续发展、综合国力增强;民主健全完善、社会法制深入人心;文化蓬勃发展、精神文明持续推进;社会建设推进、人民和谐安康;生态文明成效显著、环境状况大为改观;港澳持续繁荣、统一大业前景展现;反腐常抓不懈,执政能力大大提升。指出改革开放推动了阶级斗争向经济建设的转变,计划经济向市场经济的转变,闭关锁国向全面开放的转变,从传统治理向治理现代化的转变。其三,深刻总结了改革开放的历史经验。从理论指导、战略规划、问题导向、群众首创四个层面做出了总结。指出必须坚持和发展党的基本理论不动摇;全面贯彻党的行动纲领不懈怠,即坚持党的基本路线即坚持以经济建设为中心实现科学发展、坚定中国特色社会主义道路,确保改革的正确方向;必须紧紧围绕和解决中心任务不跑偏;必须充分尊重和发扬群众首创精神不折腾。最后,着眼于新时代、新情况和新问题,持续推进改革开放事业必须要有大视野和大胸怀,在党的建设,改革共识和系统谋划层面共同发力,实现同频共振。要进一步加强党的建设,为改革开放提供坚强领导;要进一步凝聚改革共识,为改革开放汇集磅礴力量;要进一步增强系统谋划,为保障改革全面协调推进。更多还原

【Abstract】 In 1978,the third Plenary session of the eleventh central committee of the Communist party of China(CPC)opened a historic journey of reform and opening to the outside world and exploring socialism with Chinese characteristics.Over the past 40 years,China has made remarkable achievements in its reform and opening up,and its comprehensive national strength and people’s living standards have been greatly improved.As pointed out by Xi Jinping at the150 th anniversary of the birth of Dr.sun Yat-sen,we are closer than ever to the goal of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.We are closer to the goal of realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.Under the macro background of socialism with Chinese characteristics entering the new era,to study in depth the vivid practice of China’s reform and opening up,to comb through the achievements of reform and opening up,to reflect on the problems arising in the process of reform and opening up,and to sum up the experience of reform and opening up.The reform is not only of profound theoretical value,but also of great practical significance.On the basis of the existing research results,the paper makes a systematic analysis and analysis of the course and basic experience of the past 40 years of reform and opening to the outside world.First of all,the author reviewed the cause of the reform and its general situation.The most direct aim of China’s reform and opening up is to solve the problem of food and clothing for the Chinese people,and the start of China’s reform and opening up is to push from the bottom up to the top scientific design.Through an analysis of the inevitability of the launch of the reform and opening up policy,it will provide a cognitive dimension for further exploration of the basic experience of reform and opening up,and for a more rigorous examination of the historical development of reform and opening up.From this dimension,China’s reform and opening to the outside world has gone through a period of comprehensive exploration,ranging from the period of exploring the river in stone to the period of comprehensively developing and advancing the socialist market economy.Starting from this dimension,China’s reform and opening up has experienced from the target exploration period of feeling the stones across the river,to the socialist market economy as the goal to build the framework of time and system perfect period,after eighteen big a long time into the new historical period of comprehensively deepen.Secondly,it summarizes the main achievements and deep influence of reform and opening up.On the basis of the macro-control of the process of reform and opening up in the past 40 years,the article has made a great achievement of the reform and opening up in seven aspects such as economy,politics,culture,society and ecology and from the four changes elaborated the reform and opening up outstanding contribution.He pointed out that the reform and opening up have made the economy develop continuously and the comprehensive national strength increase.Sound democracy and a sound social and legal system;Cultural and spiritual development;Social development and the harmonious and healthy well-being of the people;The ecological civilization has achieved remarkable results and the environment has been greatly improved.Hong Kong and Macao continue to enjoy prosperity and reunification.He said that China has always worked hard to fight corruption,and its ability to govern has been greatly improved.Points out that the reform and opening up to promote the class struggle to economic construction,the transition of the planned economy to market economy,open to the comprehensive transformation of seclusion,the transition from traditional management to modern governance.Third,he said,he has deeply summarized the historical experience of reform and opening up.From the theory guidance,strategic planning,problem-oriented,the masses initiated four levels to make a summary.Pointing out that the party’s basic theory must be adhered to and developed without vacillating;Failure to fully implement the party’s programmer of action;The central task must be closely circumscribed and addressed;We must adhere to the party’s basic line,that is,to realize scientific development with economic construction at the center,and to firmly follow the socialist road with Chinese characteristics,so as to ensure the correct direction of reform.We must fully respect and carry forward the spirit of mass initiative and do not toss about.In the end,with a view to the new era,new situation and new problems,we must have a broad vision and a broad mind to carry forward the cause of reform and opening to the outside world,achieve the same frequency resonance.We should further strengthen party building and provide strong leadership for reform and opening up;We should further build consensus on reform and pool great power for reform and opening up;We should further strengthen party building and provide strong leadership for reform and opening up.更多还原