【作者】 赵毅；

【导师】 程岩； 吴中岱；

【作者基本信息】 华东理工大学 ， 项目管理（专业学位）， 2018， 硕士

【摘要】 软件需求是软件开发和项目管理活动的基础,需求管理是项目建设过程中的必要工作,而需求变更则是需求管理的重要环节。将需求变更纳入CMMI的范畴,使得需求变更不再停留在单一的层面,需求变更可以通过CMMI结构表征出来,系统性、全面性、规范性的开展需求变更管理成为可能。本文在CMMI的基础上定义了信息系统需求变更管理,总结了国内外期刊文献的研究成果,提出了需求变更管理要分布在整个项目生命周期全过程,讨论了需求变更控制管理和改进策略。首先,重点以东方国际集装箱租赁信息系统作为研究对象,分别从业务需求、业务流程、变更问题等方面,研究了集装箱租赁业务特征,有助于理解国际集装箱租赁企业信息系统需求变更管理的重要性。其次,基于CMMI模型,提出了需求变更分析框架和需求变更控制框架,分别从需求管理过程、需求变更原因、需求变更控制流程、过程改进等方面,全面论述了集装箱租赁信息系统的需求变更管理。最后,结合了鱼骨图分析法、快速原型法、需求跟踪矩阵三种科学方法的实证应用,以及采用了需求变更控制委员会和需求变更控制流程的组合,进而提出了需求变更控制的过程改进措施,并开展了效果评价分析。本文将为项目管理者开展需求变更管理提供了理论依据,将有助于理解大型信息系统项目建设过程中所面临的需求变更风险,归纳出适合大型信息系统项目需求变更管理的方法体系。更多还原

【Abstract】 Software requirement is the basis of software programming and relevant project management.Requirements management is requisite for project construction,and requirements change is the key task in requirements management.Integrating requirements change into CMMI would make requirements change present itself with CMMI structure,rather than staying at a single level,which make it possible for the management of requirements change to perform in a more systematic,comprehensive and standardized manner.This article defines the requirements change management of information system based on CMMI.In light of the research findings summarized from both domestic and international literature and journals,the article puts forward the notion that requirements change management should run through the entire process of the project,based on which it further discusses the management and strategy for improvement of requirements change control.The article subject is the Dongfang container leasing information system.The feature of container leasing business is analyzed through such perspectives as business requirements,business flow and change problem,etc.Which helps to understand the importance of requirements change management.Then based on CMMI,the article discusses the requirements change management of container leasing information system from such perspectives as the process of requirements management,requirements change reason,requirements change control process and requirements change control improvement.Finally,combined with the empirical method,the application of rapid prototyping method,demand tracking matrix of three analysis methods of fishbone diagram,and combined with the requirements change control combination of control flow change committee and demand,and puts forward the process of requirements change control improvement measures,and carry out the effect evaluation and analysis.This article will provide theoretical basis for project management personnel to practice requirements change management,which will enhance the understanding of risk in requirements change arising in the process of large-scale information system project construction,and methodology that accommodates requirements change management of large-scale information system project can be worked out accordingly.更多还原