【作者】 陈迪；

【导师】 杨杰；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 体育人文社会学， 2018， 硕士

【摘要】 目标定向及目标设置理论是由尼克尔斯、洛克、休斯等人提出的一套社会心理学理论,认为“科学的目标对人们的学习等社会活动具有激励作用,能把人的需要转变为动机”。随着目标定向及目标设置理论的不断发展和成熟,其在国外迅速被广泛地应用到了教育教学和运动训练领域,并取得了良好的效果。在我国,目标定向及目标设置理论在排球、羽毛球、篮球、田径等多个体育教学领域都有应用的案例,表明其对于激发学生主动学习、积极学习以及提升学习成绩方面有显著的积极作用。然而在各地、各级、各类的乒乓球教学领域中,特别是青少年乒乓球教学领域却鲜有应用案例及相关研究文献。本研究即是基于自我定向和任务定向比较,对青少年乒乓球教学课为期3个月的目标定向及目标设置应用教学实验,其中传统教学组按传统教学模式,即“教练员制定目标-教练员讲解示范-学生练习-教练员统一纠正指导-学生练习-教练员个别纠正指导”进行教学;自我定向组以自我定向设置教学目标,按“教练员编制目标-教练员讲解示范-学生自行练习-学生对自行练习内容自评和互评-教练员评价”进行实验教学;任务定向班以任务定向设置教学目标,按“教练员编制并展示目标-学生选择目标-教练员根据学生所选目标讲解示范-学生根据所选择目标进行练习-教练员作针对性指导”进行实验教学。最终对三个教学组的教学目标,包括基础目标、中等目标和高难目标的达成情况;以及教学效果;包括学习态度、技术表现、教练员评价的量化得分进行纵横向的比较分析,得出如下结论:(1)目标定向及目标设置理论能大幅改善学生的学习态度和提升学生的学习成绩;(2)设置中等偏上的教学目标对于改善学生的学习态度、提升学习成绩的积极作用更为显著;(3)让学生自身参与到具体教学目标的选择中来,对于提升教学目标的达成率以及改善教学效果,激发学生主动学习、能动学习有较大的帮助。更多还原

【Abstract】 The theory of goal orientation and goal setting is a set of social psychology theory put forward by Nichols,Rock and Hughes,and holds that "the goal of science has an incentive to people’s learning and other social activities,and can transform human needs into motivation".With the continuous development and maturity of target orientation and target setting theory,it has been widely used in the field of education and training and training in foreign countries,and has achieved good results.In our country,the theory of goal orientation and goal setting is applied in many fields such as volleyball,badminton,basketball and track and field.It shows that it has a significant positive effect on stimulating students’ active learning,active learning and improving their academic achievements.However,there are few application cases and related research literatures in the teaching of table tennis in various places,at all levels,and in all kinds of table tennis teaching.This study is based on the comparison of self orientation and task orientation,and the teaching experiment of goal orientation and goal setting of juvenile table tennis teaching course for 3 months is applied.The traditional teaching group is based on the traditional teaching mode,that is,"the coaches make the goal the coach explanation and demonstration the student practice the coach’s unified correction guidance the student practice." the coach individual corrects the instruction to carry on the teaching;the self-directed group sets the teaching goal by self orientation,according to "the coach compiling target the coach explanation and demonstration the student exercises self self-evaluation and mutual evaluation the coach evaluation" for the experiment teaching;the task oriented class sets the teaching goal with the task orientation.According to the "instructor to compile and display the goal the students choose the goal the coach explains the demonstration according to the goal of the student the student exercises according to the chosen goal the instructor makes the directed instruction" to carry on the experiment teaching.Finally,the teaching objectives of the three teaching groups,including the achievement of the basic goal,the medium goal and the high difficulty target,and the teaching effect,and the comparative analysis of the learning attitude,the technical performance and the coaches’ evaluation,are compared.The following conclusions are drawn:(1)goal orientation and goal setting theory can significantly improve students’ learning attitude and enhance their academic performance.(2)setting up a medium teaching goal is more significant for improving students’ learning attitude and improving their academic performance.(3)It is helpful for students to participate in the selection of specific teaching goals,to improve the achievement of teaching goals,to improve the teaching effect and to stimulate the students to learn actively and actively.更多还原