清末民初地方立法权力研究

【作者】 崔昊；

【导师】 荆月新；

【作者基本信息】 山东师范大学 ， 法律史， 2018， 硕士

【摘要】 地方立法权力在我国历史上早已产生并有所发展,鸦片战争开始后中国社会经历了天翻地覆的变化,清政府面临内外交困的局面。清朝国门被打开之后思想观念与政治上的变革推动新的立法机构出现。现代意义上的地方立法权力在封建制度下的中国得到发展。此后辛亥革命爆发推翻了两千多年的封建政权。中央与地方关系随着政局的变化而发展,中央与地方权力不断博弈,立法权力方面亦是如此。地方立法权力在央地关系博弈中生存并得到发展。本文致力于清末民初这一特殊历史时期环境中的地方立法权力研究,并将分为以下几部分进行论述:第一部分,从概念入手对地方立法权力的概念进行解析。阐明地方立法权力之法律定位。地方立法权力的概念之前学者已有讨论,笔者在此着重将地方立法权力置于清末民初时期,对地方立法权力的主体与主要内容进行描述并对清末民初地方立法权力的具体实践做了梳理,为后文对地方立法权力研究的探讨做铺垫。第二部分,乃对地方立法力在清末民初这一时期的历史渊源分析。对清末民初地方立法权力的外来资源与本土渊源进行整合,对地方立法权力之产生进行背景分析。为何现代意义上的地方立法权力会在清末民初得到发展的契机。任何一种法律制度都需要其产生的环境与土壤。西方意义上的地方立法权力之于封建帝制之中国实乃西法移植之产物。清朝末年进行的一系列改革,以及民国初期的政治运动的发展、地方政治意识的变化以及地方自治运动的发展都与地方立法权力之发展息息相关。外因为助力,自我寻求变革才是地方立法权力得到发展最重要的推动力。第三部分,对央地权限的划分在清末民初是附随着对国家结构形式的争论开展的,而央地立法权限的划分又受到央地权限划分的重要影响。笔者在此对清末民初央地立法权限的划分进行论述,并对地方最高行政长官的清朝督抚权力变迁与民国时期省制之争对地方立法权力的发展产生的影响做论述。第四部分,通过前文对地方立法权力发展的研究总结出地方立法权力在清末民初发展过程中产生的主要问题。在清末民初政治环境下地方立法权力发展存在一系列问题,着重表现在分权制衡上的妥协性、地区发展不平衡、民主虚假性、以及命运随时代变革而表现出的被动依附性。第五部分,为本文最后一部分。我国《立法法》颁布以后对地方立法权力的研究不断发展。以史为鉴可以明得失,法律史学科的研究总要对现当代之法治建设提出建议,笔者尝试通过前文对清末民初地方立法权力的研究,尤其是针对地方立法权力在清末民初的生存与发展特点,对前文地方立法权力的论述作出评价并总结出对于当代中国法治建设之启示。更多还原

【Abstract】 The local legislative power has been existed and developed in the history of China.After the beginning of the Opium War,the Chinese society has undergone a dramatic change,and the Qing government is facing the situation of internal and external difficulties.After the opening of the Qing Dynasty,ideological and political reform promoted the emergence of new legislature.The local legislative power in modern sense has been developed under the feudal system in China.Since then,the revolution of 1911 broke out for more than two thousand years.The relationship between the central and the local governments is developing with the change of the political situation.The central and local powers are playing games constantly,as well as in terms of legislative power.The power of local legislation survives and develops in the game between central and local governments.This article is devoted to the study of the local legislative power in the special historical period during the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China,and will be divided into the following parts.The first part analyzes the concept of local legislative power from the concept.The legal position of local legislative power is clarified.Before the analysis of the concept of local legislative power,scholars have discussed it.The author puts the local legislative power in the context of the early Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of the Republic of China,and describes the main body and main contents of the local legislative power.It also combed the concrete practice of local legislative power in late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China,laying the groundwork for the study of local legislative power later.The second part is the origin of the local legislative power in late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China.The integration of foreign resources and local sources of local legislative power in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China was carried out,and the background analysis of the emergence of local legislative power was carried out.Why the local legislative power in modern sense will develop at the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China? Any legal system needs its environment and soil.The Western sense of the local legislative power in the feudal monarchy of Chinese is the product of Western transplantation.A series of reforms in the last years of the Qing Dynasty,as well as the development of political movement in the early period of the Republic of China,the change of local political consciousness and the development of local autonomy movement are closely related to the development of local legislative power.Because self help and self seeking change are the most important driving force for the development of local legislative power.In the third part,The division of the authority of the central land was carried out in the early Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China with the debate on the structure of the state,and the division of the legislative powers of the central land was also influenced by the division of the power of the central and local authorities.The author expounds the division of the legislative authority of the central land in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China,and discusses the influence of the vicissitude of the governor’s power on the governor of the Qing Dynasty and thedevelopment of the provincial legislative power in the period of the Republic of China.The fourth part discusses the issue of local legislative power in late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China.The development of local legislative power in the political environment at the end of the late Qing Dynasty and the early days of the Republic of China has been greatly deficient,focusing on the compromise on the balance of decentralization,the unbalanced development of the region,the false democracy,and the bump of the fate with the change of the times.The fifth part is the last part of this article.After the promulgation of China’s legislative law,the research on local legislative power has been developing.But at present,the study of local legislative power mainly focuses on the founding of the PRC.Taking history as a mirror,the study of the history of law should make suggestions on the construction of legal system in the present and contemporary times.The author tries to study the local legislative power at the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China,especially the characteristics of the existence and development of local legislative power in the early Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China,and appraise the discussion of the legislative power in the preceding article.Summed up the inspiration for the rule of law in contemporary China.更多还原