【作者】 徐南；

【导师】 马晓俐；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 英语语言文学， 2018， 硕士

【摘要】 《霍华德庄园》是英国著名作家爱·摩·福斯特(E.M.Forster)的代表作。小说以处于爱德华时期的英国为背景,描述了三个来自中产阶级的家庭:商人威尔科克斯一家、德裔知识分子施莱格尔姐妹以及巴斯特夫妇。他们价值观的激烈碰撞体现了阶层之间难以调和的矛盾;同时也从侧面反映了福斯特对处于社会变革浪潮中中产阶级生存状况的深刻忧虑。除去作家的身份,福斯特还是一位业余钢琴演奏家。他一生痴迷音乐并热衷研究乐曲和与之相关的音乐批评,因此形成了个人的音乐观。他的音乐观表现在三方面:第一,他以贝多芬的《第五交响曲》为例,认为乐曲本身有其内在完整性与和谐性,小说亦应如此;第二,音乐能在情感上激发人;第三,音乐能在道德上启蒙人,增强群体的凝聚力从而创造情感共同体。福斯特在《霍华德庄园》中通过对自身音乐观的逆写,展现了他对中产阶级内部联结断裂这一现象的担忧与思考。首先,福斯特将《霍华德庄园》与贝多芬《命运交响曲》一样分为四个部分(乐章),其情节发展与乐曲走向契合。然而故事里威尔科克斯太太的死亡、施莱格尔姐妹的妥协以及巴斯特的被害都是破坏小说内在和谐性的因素。其次,对贝多芬音乐非常熟悉的施莱格尔姐妹以固定的思维模式欣赏音乐,从而没能获得音乐本该赋予她们去理解体谅巴斯特的共情能力。最后,对上层社会极度渴望的巴斯特将音乐当成接近他们的手段,而作为文化精英的施莱格尔姐妹却在潜意识里将他排除在外。在快速发展的功利主义社会大环境下,中产阶级的精神生活在一定程度上被物质侵蚀,音乐已不能在情感上产生联结、促成共同体。综上,通过对自身音乐观的逆写,福斯特把在动荡社会中中产阶级的精神困境表现得淋漓尽致,同时传达了他的社会关怀与呼吁:艺术作为实现精神价值的最高手段能够在物质化的社会中拯救人们日渐麻木的灵魂,而人们应该珍视艺术的这一重要价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 Howards End is a masterpiece of the famous English writer E.M.Forster.The story revolves around three families in England at the beginning of the 20th century:The Wilcoxes,rich capitalists with a fortune made in the colonies;the half-German Schlegel siblings(Margaret,Helen,and Tibby),whose cultural pursuits have much in common with the Bloomsbury Group;and the Basts,an impoverished young couple from a lower-class background.Their fierce collision of values embodies the unreconciled conflicts among classes.At the same time,it also reflects Forster’s deep concern over the living predicament of the middle class in the changing society.Except for being a writer,Foster is also an amateur pianist.He is obsessed with music during his lifetime and his musical life begins even earlier than his writing career.Combining his musical activities and the theoretical guide of some professors of Music,Forster gradually forms his own views on music,which can be reflected in his novels.First,he considers music as an integrality with its inner harmony,and a novel should be fastened up on the outside by music.Second,music has the power to stimulate passion and empathy.Third,music can be morally enlightening and bring divided classes together.In Howards End,Forster expresses his concern to the Edwardian middle-class through writing against his views on music.Firstly,Forster considers Beethoven’s Fifth Symphony as a perfect musical piece with inner harmony and he uses it to fasten up the outer structure of the novel.However,the death of Ruth Wilcox,the compromise of the Schlegels and the murder of Leonard Bast appear to be the disharmony in the novel.Secondly,Forster gathers the characters in the Queen’s Hall Sunday Concert,which is featured by Beethoven’s Fifth Symphony.Being very familiar to Beethoven’s music,Margaret is listening to the music without any imagination while Helen can only feel the heroism in the music.None of the sisters are emotionally touched by Beethoven’s music.Moreover,Leonard Bast,who is considering all about the stolen umbrella and the two-shilling ticket,is totally not listening to the music.Music has not stimulated the pretentious Schlegels’ empathic feeling to other people and it also has not morally enlightened the struggling Leonard Bast.Thirdly,Leonard Bast regards music as a tool to get closer to the upper class while the Schlegels,the cultural elites,have excluded him from their group.As a result,music can no longer be an emotional connection and fails to build group consciousness among the middle class members.In conclusion,Forster has presented the spiritual predicament of Edwardian middle-class through writing against his views on music.By this way,Forster conveys his great appreciation of art,for it can save the spiritually apathetic people.At the same time,he advocates that the society should treasure the value of art.更多还原