【作者】 王磊；

【导师】 陈志红； 张全真；

【作者基本信息】 南京大学 ， 汉语国际教育（专业学位）， 2018， 硕士

【摘要】 “是……的”句一直是对外汉语学界研究的热点之一。本文立足中高级阶段的英语母语者在习得“是……的”句时出现的特点,尤其是语义习得和语用习得方面的特点,对其中出现的特征加以总结、归纳,以期为“是……的”句的教学提供一定的参考。本研究把问卷调查和口头访谈相结合,对中高级水平的英语母语习得者展开研究,希望能够回答以下三个问题:(1)以英语为母语的二语习得者能够完全习得“是……的”句吗?(2)英语母语者在习得“是……的”句的语义时是否会出现不平衡现象?二语学习者学习的难点在哪里?(3)在针对英语母语者进行“是……的”句教学时有应该怎么做?“是……的”句和英语中的it强调句在很多情况下是重合的,正是因为这些重合的部分容易导致英语母语者在习得“是……的”句时的偏误。部分语义和语用环境下,it强调句可以和“是……的”句完美匹配,这就要求二语习得者不仅要习得“是……的”纯粹句法方面的内容,更重要的是习得句法、语义、以及语用交叉的界面。接口假说作为近些年语言学界的研究热门,能够很好地帮助我们调查英语母语者“是……的”句的习得情况。本文首先对“是……的”句的重要性以及研究“是……的”句的意义进行了阐述。随后,本文按照时间顺序从句法方面、语义方面、语用方面、习得研究方面以及教学研究方面这五大部分的重要研究成果进行了回顾。国内的研究在前,国外的研究在后。本文从调查对象的选取、调查范围的确定、调查问卷的设计三个方面详细分析研究了中高级阶段英语母语者习得“是……的”句的情况。接受度调查以及翻译练习旨在研究句法-语义接口的习得情况。口头访谈的目的是测试二语习得者语义习得情况的同时,了解英语母语者是否能够在适当的情况下使用正确的“是……的”句,即语用方面的习得情况。通过对可能出现的偏误情况的预测,从而有针对性地调查受试者的习得特点。调查结果表明,纯粹的语法确实先于句法-语义接口、句法-语用接口的习得;同时,“是……的”句法-语义接口是可以被完全习得的,但是这是一个缓慢的过程,有的先习得、有的后习得。针对英语母语者在问卷和访谈中体现出来的的习得特点,本文就“是……的”句进行了教学设计。先就“是……的”句的教学顺序提出了建议;接着按照一定的习得顺序对“是……的”句的教学进行了设计。本文的研究以单一语言(英语)为特点,以语义习得特点和语用习得特点为基点进行研究,弥补了目前“是……的”句研究的些许不足,但本文的研究是理想条件下的研究,还需更多的教学案例、教学实践来支撑。更多还原

【Abstract】 "Shi …de" structure in mandarin Chinese has been one of the heated topics in the field of Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language.Based on the characteristics of native English-speakers of intermediate and advanced level during acquisition of "shi...de",especially in terms of semantics and pragmatics,this study concludes some regular rules,hoping to provide some suggestions of teaching "shi...de" structure.This study combining questionnaires with oral interviews conducts a survey on English-speaking L2 learners of intermediate and advanced level in order to solve these three questions.Question one:Can English speakers fully acquire "shi...de" structure as native speakers?Question two:Whether imbalances appearaces will take place or not during their acquisition of interface of syntax-semantics?Where are the difficult points of their learning?Question three:How should we do when we teach "shi...de" construction to English-speaking learners?In many cases,"shi...de" structure in mandarin Chinese overlaps with it cleft-sentence,which may easily give rise to errors during acquisition.Under certain semantic and pragmatic environment,"shi...de" structure can perfectly match it cleft-sentence.In other words,it requires L2 learners acquire not only pure syntax,but also interfaces of syntax-semantics and syntax-pragmatics.Interface hypothesis as a hot topic in recent years can help us better investigate the acquisition of "shi...de" structure by English speakers.First of all,this study illustrates the importance of "shi...de" structure and the meaning of this study.Subsequently,this paper reviews major research achievements in terms of syntax,semantics,pragmatics,acquisition study and teaching research.Domestic research goes first,abroad study follows which mainly elaborates interface hypothesis.This paper analyzes the acquisition of "shi...de" structure from the choice of subject,the determination of the scope of this study and the design of questionnaire in detail.Acceptance judgement and translation practice aim to look into the acquisition of interface of syntax-semantics.Oral interview is aimed at the investigation of the acquisition of interface of syntax-pragmatics.By predicting possible errors in advance,this paper can be targeted to focus on some characteristics.And the results show that the acquisition of pure grammar actually precedes the acquisition of interfaces between syntactic-semantics and syntactic-pragmatics.At the same time,"shi...de"structure can be fully acquired,but it is a slow process.Some can be acquired first and some be acquired later.Based on the characteristics that reflect in the questionnaire,this paper will work out a teaching design.The teaching sequence of "shi...de" structure is suggested,and a simple teaching plan will be put forward.This paper,based on single English background,conducting survey on the acquisition characteristics of semantics and pragmatics,makes up for present study.However,this study is conducted in an ideal condition.More teaching cases and teaching practice are needed to support this study.更多还原