【作者】 李敏；

【导师】 刘晓晖；

【作者基本信息】 北京交通大学 ， 外国语言文学， 2018， 硕士

【摘要】 托妮·莫里森是第一位获得诺贝尔文学奖的非裔美国女作家。她的第一部长篇小说《最蓝的眼睛》于1970年出版,讲述了黑人小女孩佩科拉充满社会歧视和家庭虐待的成长历程,佩科拉渴望拥有她心目中象征着美的蓝眼睛,渴望改变生活,融入社会,但最终从幻想走向疯癫。本文运用创伤理论,从再现、记忆、复原三个方面探讨小说人物创伤症状的表现形式,创伤产生的原因,及其创伤复原的努力与结果。本文认为,以白人强势文化为特色的社会环境及种族歧视倾向造成了黑人群体自我认同与种族认同的缺失,进而导致其严重的精神裂痕和生存危机。本文试图通过分析创伤对小说人物性格及价值观的影响,以及不同的人物应对创伤的不同方法,进而探讨创伤复原的有效手段和积极意义。本文正文共三个章节。第一章主要探讨集体创伤和个人创伤在小说人物身上的再现。本章首先从集体创伤的角度分析了黑人成年人和黑人儿童表现的自卑情结、自我否定、无助脆弱等创伤症状;其次从个体创伤角度分析了布里德洛夫一家三位主人公不同的创伤症状,如乔利紊乱的防御体系、波莉的羞耻感和怀疑感、佩科拉的精神错乱。第二章主要探讨小说人物的创伤记忆及创伤事件。通过分析社会环境中的种族歧视、家庭成员之间的疏离关系、以及不同人物经历的具体的创伤事件,解释创伤产生的原因及引发的后果,揭示创伤记忆对情绪和认知产生的影响。第三章主要探讨小说中不同的人物应对创伤的不同做法。本章试图阐明,部分黑人人物如克劳迪娅和弗里达通过建立联盟,重现创伤故事,哀悼创伤损失等机制,从而走出创伤,得以复原;而以佩科拉和波莉为代表的另一部分黑人人物沉溺于幻想,拒绝身份认同,无法与黑人群体重建联系,最终在创伤中迷失自我。本文认为,从《最蓝的眼睛》小说人物的经历可以看出,只有通过再现创伤故事、重新建立联系,黑人群体才能重建自我认同,增进民族认同,从而修复心理裂痕、走出精神危机。更多还原

【Abstract】 Toni Morrison is the first African-American female writer who has won the Noble Prize in Literature.Her first novel The Bluest Eye was published in 1970,telling about a black little girl named Pecola who is suffering from social discrimination and domestic abuse during her growth.Pecola longs for blue eyes which in her belief symbolize beauty,wishing to change her life and integrate herself into the society,however she ultimately ends up with madness.Applying trauma theory,this thesis analyzes the characterization in the novel from three aspects:representation of trauma,traumatic memory and recovery from trauma.By discussing their traumatic symptoms,their traumatic memory and traumatic events,as well as their efforts to recover,this thesis demonstrates that the white cultural dominance and the ineradicable racial discrimination lead to the lack of self-identification and racial identification in black groups,which further causes their psychological cracks and crisis.Moreover,this thesis analyzes the impact of trauma on character and values,and discusses different methods applied by different characters to deal with trauma,so as to explore the effective approaches and positive significance of recovery.In addition to introduction and conclusion,this thesis is composed of three chapters.Chapter one mainly discusses the representation of collective trauma and individual trauma.It deals with black adults and black children’s symptoms of inferiority,self-negation,helplessness and vulnerability from the perspective of collective trauma.Then it explicates the manifestations of symptoms of the Breedlove family members from the perspective of individual trauma,demonstrating Cholly’s disordered defenses,Pauline’s shame and doubt,as well as Pecola’s mental dissociation.Chapter two explores the characters’ traumatic memory and traumatic events.By analyzing the racial discrimination in the society,the alienated parenthood in family,and the specific traumatic events experienced by the main characters,this chapter explores the causes of trauma,and discusses the impact on people’s emotion and cognition.Chapter three analyzes different characters’ different recovering approaches,trying to illuminate that some characters such as Claudia and Frieda achieve recovery by establishing alliances,recollecting traumatic stories and mourning traumatic loss,while some others represented by Pecola and Pauline indulge in illusion,deny their identity,and fail to reconnect with black community,which leads to their ultimate loss of self in trauma.Analyzing the characters’ experiences in The Bluest Eye,this thesis points out that only by reconstructing trauma story and restoring connections with black community,can the black group rebuild their self-identity and promote racial identity,thus repairing the mental cracks and surviving the psychological crisis.更多还原