【作者】 龚向阳；

【导师】 邱雪松；

【作者基本信息】 北京邮电大学 ， 计算机技术， 2018， 硕士

【摘要】 无线传感器网络在越来越多的领域发挥着重要的作用,但能量瓶颈问题一直制约着无线传感器网络的进一步应用。针对此问题,许多学者提出了不同的解决方案,如传感器节能方法,以及环境能量收集和转换方法,但节能方案对于延长节点寿命极为有限,而能量收集并转换的方案不可控、且能量转换效率低,这些方案均无法从根本上解决传感器网络能量瓶颈问题。近年来,无线充电技术为解决传感器网络能量瓶颈问题提供了新的思路,即在遵循移动充电调度策略的基础上,利用无线充电设备(MobileCharger,MC)为传感器节点补充电量。移动充电调度策略是无线充电方案中重要的组成部分,目前主流的充电调度策略主要有周期性充电和按需充电等方案。上述方案在对移动充电设备MC进行移动充电路径规划和充电时机规划时,存在待充电节点等待时延过高、MC移动能耗过高、MC充电效率较低等缺点,导致部分传感器节点在MC到来之前由于能量耗尽而停止工作,无法保证传感器网络在预期的生命期内正常运行。针对上述充电策略存在的问题,本文提出一种基于周期性充电和按需充电的混合充电调度算法(Mixed Charging Scheduling Algorithm,MCS),在动态阈值机制的基础上加入节点速率分组机制来确定待充电节点;在周期性充电回路的基础上,配合服务站部署机制构造充电回路,从而指导MC对传感器节点进行无线充电服务。本算法在保证所有传感器节点正常工作的前提下,尽可能降低传感器网络的总能耗,并提高MC的充电效率。仿真实验结果表明,在节点等待时延、传感器网络能耗、MC移动距离等方面,本文提出的MCS算法均具有较好性能。在提出的MCS算法的基础上,本文设计并实现了传感器网络移动充电管理系统。设计了网络拓扑呈现模块,能够在系统Web界面实时显示传感器网络分布情况以及各个传感器节点的详细信息;设计了传感器状态监测模块,能够获取传感器节点的剩余电量、能耗速率等信息数据的变化情况:设计了传感器历史告警模块,记录电量告警节点的名称、告警时间以及告警原因等;设计了移动充电调度模块,根据告警节点的详细信息,调用MCS算法构造本轮次调度的移动充电回路,展示MC的移动充电路径,并能动态更新服务站部署坐标、节点分组、充电阈值等;设计了用户管理模块,能够修改用户密码及个人权限等。测试结果表明,本系统可以指导无线传感器网络进行能量管理和移动充电,提高网络的运行性能。更多还原

【Abstract】 Wireless sensor networks play an important role in more and more fields.However,the energy bottleneck has always restricted the further application of wireless sensor networks.To solve this problem,many scholars proposed different solutions,such as sensor energy-saving methods,as well as environmental energy collection and conversion methods.However,the energy-saving scheme is extremely limited to extending the life of the node;the energy collection and conversion scheme is not controllable,and the efficiency of energy conversion is low.None of these solutions fundamentally solves the energy bottleneck of wireless sensor networks.In recent years,wireless charging technology has provided a new idea for solving the problem of energy bottleneck in wireless sensor networks,which is based on the mobile charging scheduling strategy,and uses Mobile Charger(MC)to recharge the sensor node.Mobile charging scheduling strategy is an important part of the wireless charging scheme,and the current mainstream charging scheduling strategy mainly includes periodic charging scheme and on-demand charging scheme.When the mobile charging device MC is planned for the mobile charging path and the time of charging,the shortcomings of above schemes include high waiting delay of the node to be charged,high MC mobile energy consumption,low MC charging efficiency,etc.,which result in some sensor nodes stop to work due to the exhaustion of energy before the MC arrives,and the sensor network can not be guaranteed to operate normally within the expected lifetime.In order to solve the problems of above charging strategy,this paper proposes a mixed charging scheduling algorithm(MCS)based on periodic charging and on-demand charging.Based on the dynamic threshold mechanism,the algorithm adds the node rate packet mechanism to determine the node to be charged;On the basis of the periodic charging loop,the algorithm cooperates with the service station deployment mechanism to construct the charging loop,to guide the MC to wirelessly charge sensor nodes.Under the premise of ensuring the normally operation of all sensor nodes,the algorithm can reduce the total energy consumption of sensor networks as much as possible,and improve the charging efficiency of MC.The simulation results show that the MCS algorithm proposed in this paper has good performance in terms of node waiting latency,energy consumption of sensor network and MC moving distance.On the basis of the proposed MCS algorithm,this paper designs and implements the sensor network mobile charging management system.The system designs the network topology presentation module,which can display the real-time sensor networks distribution and the detailed information of each sensor node by the system web interface;the system designs the sensor state monitoring module to obtain the change of the information data such as the remaining power and energy consumption rate of the sensor node;the system also designs the sensor historical alarm module,to record the name of the alarm node,alarm time and the alarm reason,etc.;the system designs mobile charging scheduling module,which is based on alarm node detailed information,calls the MCS algorithm to construct the mobile charging loop of this round of scheduling,shows MC mobile charging path,and dynamic updates service station deployment coordinates,node grouping,charging threshold,etc.;the system designs user management module,which can modify the user password and personal permissions.The test results show that the system can guide the wireless sensor network energy management and mobile charging,improve network performance.更多还原