【作者】 杨宁；

【导师】 周晓光；

【作者基本信息】 北京邮电大学 ， 物流工程， 2018， 硕士

【摘要】 经过农业化、工业化以及信息化三次文明浪潮之后,目前全球已经迎来了第四次低碳化文明浪潮,发展低碳经济已逐渐被世界各国所关注。在此背景下,快递业作为我国国民经济的支柱产业以及重要的现代服务业,有义务也有能力在发展低碳经济行动中有所作为。配送是快递活动中最主要、最基本也是能源消耗较大的活动之一,因此针对考虑碳排放的城市快递配送车辆路径问题的优化研究就显得格外必要和有意义。本文在总结低碳物流和城市快递配送车辆路径问题国内外研究现状的基础上,重点研究了考虑碳排放的城市快递配送车辆路径问题。首先,针对城市快递配送的特点,着重考虑了车型和车辆旅行速度的因素,将车辆旅行速度看作系统规划时间的函数。为实现低碳化目标,将车辆配送过程中产生的碳排放量通过碳税的测算方式转换为碳排放成本。在时间依赖车辆路径问题的基础上,构建了考虑碳排放的多目标带时间窗的多车型车辆路径问题模型,以实现综合成本最小、时间惩罚最低等目标。然后,从适应度值标定和群体多样化两方面对传统遗传算法进行改进,从而增强种群个体差异性,提高种群整体进化程度,规避传统遗传算法早熟收敛的劣性。其次,在适应度函数设计上,对多目标函数进行归一化处理,解决了目标函数量纲不统一的问题。最后,以调研项目中获得的某快递企业网点的数据为算例进行分析,通过Matlab软件实现了对设计算法的编码。对比优化前后的结果可以发现,优化后的碳排放成本、时间旅行成本及时间惩罚较初始随机解均有所降低,验证了所建模型和设计算法的合理性和有效性。这说明,对于快递企业而言,在规划车辆配送路径时将碳排放作为一项考虑因素,不仅能帮助企业获得经济效益,同时也能获得社会效益。更多还原

【Abstract】 After the tide of three civilizations of agriculture,industrialization and informationization,the world has ushered in the fourth wave of low-carbon civilization and the development of a low-carbon economy has gradually attracted the attention of all countries in the world.Under this background,as a pillar industry of our national economy and an important modern service industry,express delivery industry has the obligation and ability to make a difference in developing low-carbon economy.Delivery is one of the most important and most basic energy consumption activities in courier activities.Therefore,it is necessary and meaningful to optimize the vehicle routing problem of urban express delivery considering carbon emission.Based on the domestic and foreign research status,this paper focuses on the problem of urban express delivery vehicle routing considering carbon emission.First of all,according to the characteristics of urban express delivery,the paper mainly considers the factors of vehicle type and vehicle travel speed,and regards the vehicle travel speed as a function of system planning time.In order to achieve the goal of low carbonization,carbon emissions generated during vehicle distribution are converted into carbon emission costs through the measurement of carbon tax.Based on the time-dependent vehicle routing problem,a multi-objective vehicle routing problem model with time-window considering carbon emission is constructed to achieve the goal of minimizing the total cost and minimizing the time penalty.Then,the traditional genetic algorithm is improved from the aspects of fitness value calibration and population diversification,so as to enhance the individual diversity,improve the overall population evolution,and avoid the inferiority of the traditional genetic algorithm.Secondly,in the design of fitness function,the multi-objective function is normalized to solve the problem that the dimension of objective function is not unified.Finally,taking the data of a delivery enterprise network obtained from the research project as an example,the coding of the design algorithm is realized by Matlab software.Comparing the results before and after optimization,it can be found that the optimized carbon emission cost,time travel cost and time penalty are both lower than initial random solutions,which proves the rationality and effectiveness of the proposed model and design algorithm.This shows that for courier companies,carbon emissions are a consideration when planning the route of vehicle distribution,which can not only help enterprises to obtain economic benefits but also obtain social benefits.更多还原