【作者】 吴勇；

【导师】 张晶；

【作者基本信息】 安徽大学 ， 法律硕士（专业学位）， 2018， 硕士

【摘要】 终身监禁制度在刑罚措施上是属于严厉的自由刑,随着时代的发展以及要求废除死刑的呼声越来越大,终身监禁制度此时应运而生可以发挥其限制和废止死刑的重要作用。2015年8月29日通过的《刑法修正案(九)》首次将终身监禁制度引入我国的刑罚体系中,修正案中将终身监禁制度适用对象规定成贪污受贿的犯罪分子,在依法被判处死缓的时候可以同时决定适用终身监禁制度。该项制度的的加入要求我们去分析新制度和我国现在的刑法之间的融合和适用问题,并且需要重新考虑新制度和死刑之间的关系情况。本文在以《刑法修正案(九)》所提出的“终身监禁”为背景,讨论新时代我国终身监禁制度的司法适用和法律定位,以及终身监禁制度刑种化等问题,希望能为推动我国死刑的全面废除贡献力量。首先,探讨我国终身监禁制度在理论法上的根据。终身监禁制度加入到我国的现有刑罚体系中,不仅是契合我国现行宪法的要求,也是新时代法律发展的必然趋势。终身监禁制度的加入是有其浓重的历史背景,是我国刑法不断完善和发展的重要标志,是我国刑法发展史上浓重的一笔,符合国家治理法治化的要求。其次,通过对终身监禁制度的法律定位和法律价值加以思考,分析终身监禁制度存在的合理性和必然性。终身监禁制度在法律上定位只是刑罚制度,现阶段并没有上升到刑种的层面,终身监禁不能独立存在,必须是依附于死刑缓期执行存在,是作为死刑缓期执行的一种方式。终身监禁制度的加入,可以起到限制死刑的重要作用,是符合我国慎用死刑的刑事政策的要求。另一个方面新制度也完善了我国的刑罚体系,弥补了无期徒刑与死刑之间的缺陷,终身监禁制度使我国的刑罚体系更加的合理和公正,其有着其他制度不能比拟的制度价值和作用,符合当前情况下从严反腐的时代背景,契合我国的刑事法律基本原则,体现我国立法者在刑事立法上创新精神,有利于我国司法制度的进一步完善和发展。再者,分析当下我国终身监禁制度的适用条件,以便于对我国终身监禁制度进行弊端的弥补,进一步完善新的制度,更好的发挥其制度价值。根据《刑法修正案(九)》有关规定,终身监禁是排在死刑立即执行之后,并且是在死刑缓期执行之前的刑罚制度,现在适用的对象集中在贪污受贿犯罪类型上,在制度的时间效力上,终身监禁制度是不具有溯及既往的能力,作为一种非刑种的刑罚执行制度,其是需要依附于死缓制度存在而存在,终身监禁的实际执行理论上是会经过死缓和无期徒刑两个阶段的。最后,结合我国的发展现状,提出了笔者对我国刑罚体系构建的思考和建议。笔者认为引入刑罚体系中纳入终身监禁制度,是我国在刑罚制度上的伟大创新之举,可以预计的是终身监禁制度将来是会作为新的刑种出现,但是考虑到我们国家现在的实际发展情况,完全彻底的废除死刑制度并不是明智的举措,只能是不断的扩大终身监禁制度的适用范围,逐步限制死刑的扩大适用。制度的作用是双面的,新制度有其优势,同时存在着弊端,终身监禁制度在刑罚处罚上彻底约束了犯罪分子的人身自由,此时就需要为新制度设计相应的救济途径,从而完善新制度在我国的适用,因此可以从实体法和程序法两方面完善终身监禁制度,在实体法方面,将终身监禁制度刑种化,扩大适用范围,设立终身监禁赦免制度,赋予犯罪人有申请赦免的权利。程序法方面,明确终身监禁的举证责任,保障被监禁人的合法权利。更多还原

【Abstract】 Life in prison system is belong to severe punishment measures freedom penalty,as the voice of the development of The Times and to call for the abolition of the death penalty is more and more big,the life imprisonment system at this time can give play to the important role of its limit and abolish the death penalty.On August 29,2015 through the "criminal law amendment(9)for the first time to life in prison system is introduced into our country’s punishment system,the amendment will be life imprisonment system object provisions shall be applicable to the embezzlement and bribery crimes,at the time of death sentence in accordance with the law can decide to apply to life in prison system at the same time.The system to join,asked us to analyze the new system and integration between China’s present criminal law and applicable,and the need to consider a matter of choice between the new system and the death penalty.This article in the "criminal law amendment(9)" proposed "life sentence" as the foundation,discussing the new age of our country judicial application and legal position of life in prison system,mitigation and life imprisonment system problems,hoping to promote our country’s contributions to abolish the death penalty.Firstly,the paper discusses the basis of the theory of life imprisonment in China.The system of life imprisonment has been added to the existing penalty system in China,which is not only the requirement of the current constitution of China,but also the inevitable trend of the development of law in the new era.Life in prison system has its deep historical background,is the perfection of criminal law in our country and the development important symbol,is our country’s criminal law in the history of a dense,accord with the requirement of governing state under the rule of law.Secondly,by thinking about the legal position and legal value of life imprisonment system,the rationality and inevitability of life imprisonment system are analyzed.Life in prison system in the law position just penal system,at present did not rise to the level of mitigation,life imprisonment can’t exist independently,suspended death sentences must be attached to exist,is as a way for the death penalty with suspension of execution.The accession of life imprisonment system can play an important role in restraining the death penalty,which is in line with the criminal policy of China’s careful use of the death penalty.Another aspect of the new system and perfect our country’s punishment system,makes up the defect of the between life imprisonment and the death penalty,life imprisonment system make our penal system more reasonable and fair,It cannot compare with other system of the system of value and function,in line with the current situation of anti-corruption stiff time background,fit our country’s basic criminal law basic principle,embodies innovative spirit lawmakers in criminal legislation in our country,and is conducive to the further-perfect and development of China’s judicial system.Moreover,analyzing the applicable conditions of life in prison system in China,in order to life in prison in China to make up for shortcomings in further perfecting the system of new,better play to the system of value.According to the relevant provisions of the criminal law amendment(9),life imprisonment is a row after the immediate execution,and the death penalty with suspension of execution before the penalty system,applicable object now focus on corruption and bribery crime types,on the time effect of system,the system of life imprisonment is the ability to do not have retroactive,as a kind of non3 kind of punishment execution system,it is need to attached to a suspended system.The actual execution of life imprisonment is theoretically two stages of death and life imprisonment.Finally,based on the present situation of China’s reality,the author puts forward some thoughts and views on the construction of penal system in China.The author thinks that life in prison in the introduction of punishment system,is the great innovation in the penal system,can be expected is life imprisonment system in the future is will appear as a new mitigation.Considering the situation the development of our country now,completely completely abolished the death penalty is not a wise move,can only be constantly expanding applicable scope of life in prison system,gradually limits the expansion of the death penalty applies.System is the function of double side,the new system has its advantages,at the same time there are drawbacks,life imprisonment system in criminal penalties on radical constraints,the freedom of the person of criminals,you need at this time for the new system design corresponding relief way,so as to improve the application of the new system in our country,can from two aspects of substantive law and procedural law,improve the system of life in prison,in terms of substantive law,establish a system of life in prison for pardon,criminal offence has the right to apply for a pardon.In the aspect of procedural law,the burden of proof for life imprisonment is clearly defined,and the legal right of the imprisoned person is guaranteed.更多还原