【作者】 赵凯；

【导师】 陈东；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 财政学， 2018， 硕士

【摘要】 随着我国城镇化的不断推进,大量农村剩余劳动力涌入城市,一方面其工资收入往往高于其经营土地所获得的收入,另一方面也导致了农村劳动力市场的均衡被打破,农村居民的各类资源禀赋和工资率都在发生变化。在这种背景下,本文重点关注城镇化发展“如何”对城乡收入差距产生影响。首先,在国内外文献综述的基础上,本文以我国改革开放的发展成果为研究基础,对全国城镇化发展现状、居民收入水平等内容开展调研,结果表明,我国城镇化水平显著提升,城镇化率已经从1979年的18.96%上升到2016年的57.35%,而城乡收入差距则出现“缩小-扩大-缩小-扩大-缩小”波动性变动;二者之间还存在一定的地区差异,即东部地区城镇化发展快,城乡收入差距较小,而西部地区城镇化发展较慢,且城乡收入差距较大。其次,本文根据二元经济的假设,以量化分析为研究工具,实证研究城镇化发展水平与收入差距的内在关联,并在结果基础上将前者对后者的影响作用分解为三种不同的效应,进而提出了本文的理论假说:城镇化进程的加快会对城乡收入差距产生比较显著的倒“U”型影响作用,即随着城镇化的加速发展,城乡收入差距将呈现先扩大、后缩小的变化规律。再次,本文所选取的样本为省级面板统计数据,时间跨度选择1984-2016年,并构建动态面板模型对理论部分所提出的倒“U”型假说进行分析验证。实证结果表明,随着城镇化进程的不断加快,城镇化对城乡收入差距的整体影响呈现出比较典型的倒“U”型特征;采用中介效应模型对城镇化影响城乡收入差距的作用渠道进行实证分析,该中介效应的影响作用约为84.14%。其中就业效应和农村经济结构升级效应对城乡收入差距的影响最大。最后,根据研究结论,本文结合我国的实际情况,从打破城乡二元结构、改变城镇偏向政策、促进农民增收、缩小地区差距等方面提出了如何进一步缩小城乡收入差距的科学对策。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of urbanization in our country,a large number of rural surplus labor pour into the city.On the one hand,the wage income is always higher than the income from the land management,on the other hand,the equilibrium of the rural labor market is broken.All kinds of resource endowment and wage rate of rural residents will change.Under this background,this paper focuses on how the development of urbanization affects the income gap between urban and rural areas.First of all,on the basis of the literature review at home and abroad,based on the development of reform and opening up in China,this paper carries out research work on the current situation of urbanization and income level of residents in China.The results show that the level of urbanization in China has increased significantly,and the urbanization rate has risen from 18.96%in 1979 to 57.35%in 2016,while the urban-rural income gap has fluctuated with the fluctuation of"narrowing-expanding-narrowing-expanding-narrowing",and there are certain regional differences.That is,the urbanization in the eastern region develops rapidly and the income gap between urban and rural areas is small,while the urbanization in the western region develops slowly,and the urban and rural areas receive more income.The gap is large.Secondly,based on the two economic structure theory,to quantify the model as a research tool to explore the relationship between the urbanization development level and income gap,and influence on the latter role in the results on the basis of the former is decomposed into three different effects,and then put forward the hypothesis of this paper,which accelerate the process of urbanization will produce a significant inverted "U" type effect on the income gap between urban and rural areas,with the accelerated development of urbanization,the urban-rural income gap will be enlarged at first,changes after narrowing.Thirdly,the sample is provincial panel statistical data,and the time span is 1984-2016,and the dynamic panel model is constructed to analyze and verify the inverted "U" type hypothesis proposed in the theoretical part.The empirical results show that,With the continuous acceleration of urbanization,the overall impact of urbanization on the urban-rural income gap shows some more typical "U"characteristics.Specifically,while the level of urbanization is improving,the urban-rural income gap has expanded first.The law of gradual and small change after exceeding a certain critical value;use of intermediary effect model to open the channel of urban-rural income gap affected by urbanization.The empirical analysis demonstrates that the level of urbanization has a specific impact on the income gap between urban and rural areas through a special intermediary effect.The influence of the intermediary effect is about 84.14.of which,the employment effect accounted for 44.62%of the total effect,the human capital effect was 1.98%,the rural economic structure upgrade accounted for 37.54%of the total effect,which indicated that the employment effect and the rural economic structure upgrading effect on the city in the process of urbanization development.Rural income gap has the greatest impact.Eventually,based on the findings of the paper,this,we combine the actual situation of our country,from breaking the dual structure of urban and rural areas,changing the policy of urban bias,promoting the increase of farmers’ income.更多还原