【作者】 李红；

【导师】 蔡辰梅；

【作者基本信息】 河北师范大学 ， 教育学原理， 2018， 硕士

【摘要】 当前,随着教师专业化步伐不断推进,教师的专业道德逐渐成为促进教师专业化发展的题中之义。学者们开始探究“职业道德”向“专业道德”的转变,强调教师的专业道德回归教师的内在德性。然而,规范伦理视域下的专业道德建构路径却少有人问津,制度规约下的教师专业道德处于“失语”状态。教师在“制度”的刚性要求和“道德”的内在动机之间矛盾挣扎,道德感较强的教师则陷入了无章可依或有章难循的痛苦处境。制度是一种管理教师行为活动的规则,具有强制性和普适性。而教师的道德在具体的教育情境中具有灵活性。制度的强制性和确定性与教师道德的自发性和灵活性既互相支撑,又彼此对抗。当外部的制度规范和内在的道德准则之间发生冲突时,如何帮助教师走出制度之网编织的道德模糊地带,促进教师专业道德实现,成为了刺激研究者思考的兴奋点。从目前的研究来看,对于道德失范者关注较多,而对于有道德感的教师群体关注较少;对于教师专业道德建设方面理论研究较多,而从制度视角解释和解决教师伦理困境的研究较少。所以,为了实现教师的专业道德,为了调动教师工作的积极性,有必要从制度和道德的张力中思考和研究教师的道德困境。本研究主要通过文献法和访谈法来收集教师在从事教育活动过程中的道德困境,通过分析访谈资料了解制度规范对教师专业道德实现过程中造成的阻碍和困扰,分析道德困境的原因,从而提出解困路径。首先,笔者对访谈资料和教师的日记进行分析和归纳,总结出了教师由于对制度的畏惧逐渐失去了道德勇气、责任、人格和理想,教师的专业道德受到了压制。其次,主要从教师的主体性和制度的伦理性两个维度围绕着价值进行原因探究。即教师面临着哪些价值冲突?教育制度在伦理性上存在哪些缺陷?最后,基于对原因的分析,本研究将教师的价值和制度的伦理性作为突破路径:一方面对教师的勇气、理性、良心和自由四个维度进行价值重建;另一方面对制度的设计和实施进行伦理性完善,从而让教师的“德性”在合乎道德的制度中生存。更多还原

【Abstract】 At present,with the constant advancement of teacher professionalization,the professional ethics of teachers have gradually become a topic in the promotion of professional development of teachers.Scholars began to explore the transition from “occupation ethics” to “professional ethics,” emphasizing that teachers’ professional ethics return to teachers’ intrinsic virtues.However,there are few people interested in the path of establishment of professional ethics under the normative ethics.The professional ethics of teachers under the institutional framework is in the state of “aphasia”.Teachers are struggling between the rigorous demands of the “system” and the inherent motivations of “morality,” and teachers with a stronger sense of morality are caught in a painful situation without rules to follow or making ti hard to follow existing rules.System is a rule that managing teachers’ behavior,which is mandatory and universal.The teacher’s morality is flexible in the specific educational context.The compulsory and deterministic nature of the system and the spontaneity and flexibility of the teacher’s morality both support and fight with each other.When there is a conflict between external institutional norms and intrinsic moral principles,how to help teachers out of the ambiguity zone woven by the system network and promote the professional ethics of teachers has become an exciting point for stimulating researchers to think.From the current research,there is more concern for the morally insane,and less attention to teachers with a sense of morality;there are many theoretical studies on the construction of professional ethics of teachers,while the study on explanation and solution of ethical dilemmas from the institutional perspective is less.Therefore,in order to realize the professional ethics of teachers and mobilize the enthusiasm of teachers,it is necessary to consider and study the moral dilemma of teachers from the tensions of system and morality.This study mainly collects the moral dilemma of teachers in the process of engaging in educational activities through literature,interviews,and physical collection methods.Through analysis of interview data,we understand the obstacles and difficulties caused by institutional norms in the process of teacher professional ethics,and analyze the moral dilemma.The reason to propose a path to overcome difficulties.First of all,the author analyzes and sums up the interview data and the teacher’s diary,and concludes that teachers gradually lose their moral courage,responsibility,personality and ideals because of their fear of the system.Teachers’ professional ethics have been suppressed.Faced with many difficulties,mainly from the two dimensions of teacher’s subjectivity and system’s ethicality,the author explores the causes of value.Which conflicting values teachers face? What are the ethical flaws in the education system? Based on the analysis of the reasons,this study takes teachers’ values and institutional ethic as the breakthrough path: on the one hand,the values of courage,rationality,conscience and freedom of teachers are reconstructed;on the other hand,the design and implementation of the system are improved.Thus,the ethics will be more perfect and teachers’ morality can survive in an ethical system.更多还原