【作者】 孙敏；

【导师】 林柏梁；

【作者基本信息】 北京交通大学 ， 交通运输规划与管理， 2018， 硕士

【摘要】 随着我国社会经济产业结构的不断调整,社会产品需求量持续快速增加,快捷货物产品运输市场不断扩大,并对运输服务品质提出了更高的要求,如何对快捷货物实现安全、可靠、便捷、快速的运输是我国提出“实货制”后面临的重要问题。开行方案作为铁路部门指导运输组织工作的重要依据,运输生产过程中的服务效率和水平与其制定运输方案是否合理有着直接关系,对实际运输工作具有理论性的指导意义。基于此,本文针对快捷货物班列开行方案的优化进行了以下几个方面的研究:(1)通过对铁路货源品类的划分,总结分析了快捷货物特点及运输要求,并对快捷货物运输组织流程进行简要分析。在此基础之上,对快运班列进行了研究。快运班列是集普通货物列车编组计划和旅客列车开行方案特点于一体且运输服务等级较高的铁路货物运输组织模式,其特点主要体现在列车的编成辆数、运行径路、运行速度、满轴条件和运行时刻等方面;(2)与国外发达国家相比,我国快捷货物运输起步较晚,通过对快捷货物运输特性的分析,发现其在运输组织方面仍然存在一些问题,需要进一步优化研究。班列开行方案作为运输组织的重要体现,其编制优化就显得尤为重要。快捷货流作为制定班列开行方案的基础,与班列开行方案相互影响,对班列开行方案的制定具有导向作用,同时,合理有效的开行方案会吸引更多的快捷货源。除货源组织外,路网能力、列车编成辆数、车流径路以及运输时间等均对班列开行方案的编制产生影响;(3)基于快运班列服务网络构建班列开行方案优化模型。将节点拆分为到达节点和出发节点,根据到达节点和出发节点所属车站节点的异同,将两者之间的服务弧根据需要设置为配送弧和中转延迟联弧以表示货物途经中转站时是否有甩挂作业。在边界条件限定下,以路网上所有班列开行成本和货物运输时间成本最小为优化目标建立模型,其必须满足每股货流的最大送达时间约束、服务弧能力限制约束以及运输过程中车流不可拆分约束等条件;(4)设计算例对模型进行求解,根据快捷货物OD流运输需求,采用K短路算法设定班列服务备选集合,利用Python调用数学优化软件Gurobi对模型进行求解,得到最终优化方案,验证了模型和算法的有效性。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the continuous adjustment of China’s social economy and industrial structure,the demand for social products continues to increase rapidly,the market for express freight products is constantly expanding,and the higher quality of services is placed on the transportation process.How to organize safe,reliable,convenient,rapid transportation is an important issue that our country faces after it put forward the ’"cargo registration system".The operation plan is the key document guiding the railway transportation work.Whether it is reasonable or not has a direct impact on the efficiency and level of service in the process of transportation and production,and has a theoretical guiding significance for the actual transportation organization.This paper focuses on the optimization of the express train operation plan:(1)Through the classification of the railway goods,it summarizes the features and transportation requirements of the express goods,and briefly describes the process of the express freight organization.Express train combines train formation plan and passenger trains operating plan characteristics and the service level is higher than that of rail freight transport organization,which is mainly reflected in the train formation,routine,speed,full shaft conditions and operating time etc.(2)Compared with the developed countries in the world,the express freight transportation in our country started relatively late.According to the characteristics of the express freight transportation,some problems still exist in the transport organization.Express freight directs the design of operation plan,at the same time,reasonable and effective operation plan will attract more freight source.Also,the capacity of the rail network,train formation,the traffic flow route and the transportation time all have an impact on the optimization process of the design of operation plan.(3)The optimization model is designed based on the express train service network in which the node is divided into arrival node and departure node.According to whether the arriving node and the departure node are belonged to the same station node,the service arc between the two is set as distribution arc and transit delay arc to represent block swap process.Under the condition of the boundary conditions,aiming at minimizing the cost of all the trains on the rail network and the time cost of freight transportation,the model must satisfy the maximum delivery time constraint of each stock flow,the restriction of service arc capacity and the uniqueness of traffic flow(4)Design an example to solve the model.According to the demand of OD flow demand,the candidate set of service is calculated using K short-circuit algorithm,and solve the model by using a mathematical optimization software,Gurobi,calculated by Python.The final optimization result verifies the validity of the model and the algorithm.更多还原