【作者】 赵岩；

【导师】 邢军；

【作者基本信息】 东北大学 ， 采矿工程， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 采空区是建筑物地基下的一类特殊的地质工程问题,给建筑物稳定性带来了较大的隐患。近年来,随着对采空区处理技术的发展,以及对老采空区地表变形的理论研究的发展,很多地区都对老采空区进行了处理并在地表成功地建设了许多工业和民用建筑。正是由于对采空区勘察、治理不够完善,导致了许多在采空区上的既有地面建(构)筑物产生了沉降、开裂及塌陷等地质隐患。本文以本溪市溪湖东山沉陷区改造工程为研究背景,围绕老采区建筑物下伏采空区的稳定性问题,开展了采空区勘察、稳定性评价和防治技术研究,具有非常重要的理论意义以及普遍推广实用价值。本溪市溪湖东山沉陷区存在的地下采空区、采空回填区、开采巷道为日伪时期(上世纪40年代)的无序开采形成的,已经历了 70多年的自然及人为作用,应力释放和岩体变形已基本稳定。论文总结分析了不同勘察方法对本文研究采空区类型的适宜条件,优选了建筑物下伏采空区勘察方法-依托浅层地震反射波法和瑞雷面波法的地球物理勘探方法,辅以采空区钻探查证。通过采空区勘察和地表建筑稳定性综合评价和分析研究,得出:采空区顶板埋深小于10m及顶板岩层(中风化)厚度小于6.0m的区域,地面稳定性差,产生地面沉(塌)陷地质灾害的可能性及危险性大;采空区顶板埋深大于10m及顶板岩层(中风化)厚度大于6 m,至顶板埋深小于50m的采空区域,地面稳定性较差,具有产生地面沉(塌)陷地质灾害的可能性及危险性;采空区顶板埋深大于50m的区域地面稳定性好,在其上部建设中高层住宅楼,仍有产生地面沉(塌)陷地质灾害的可能性及危险性。根据工程地质条件、建筑物特点及采空区的实际情况,本文采用钻孔回填注浆治理,常压灌注高水固结材料的方案。研究制定了适合本项目的注浆材料和注浆配合比等工艺参数和工作制度。通过论文研究和工程实践,整理出了一整套适用于采空区勘察和评价、采空区处治及施工后质量监测的技术体系,为其它类似工程的处理提供了可借鉴的工程范例。更多还原

【Abstract】 Mined-out areas problem,which is a special geological engineering problem under building basement,brings serious hidden risk to the stability of building.In recent years,with the development in the technology of administration mined-out areas administration and the surface deformation theory,many old mined-out areas have been disposed and a lot of industrial or civil buildings have been constructed on the surface successfully.It is the insufficient of the mined-out areas’ survey and treatment that leads to many geological hazards,such as the settlement,cracking and collapse of the existing buildings over the gob.This passage explores the prospection,stability evaluation and control technology of mined-out areas based on the reconstructed project of Dongshan subsidence area in Xihu,Benxi and the stability of mined-out areas under buildings,which has important practical significance and application value.The underground mined-out areas,backfilling areas and mining roadways where the Dongshan subsidence area is located resulted from the random mining during the period of puppet Japanese(1940s).As it has experienced natural and human factors for more than 70 years,the stress relief and rock mass deformation are almost stable.This paper summarizes and analyses appropriate conditions of different exploration methods to study the mined-out areas,and optimizes the exploration method of gob under buildings—geophysical method of prospecting based on shallow seismic reflection and Rayleigh wave,supplemented by drilling verification of gob.It is concluded that the surface stability is fairly poor in the area where the depth burial of goaf roof is less than 10m and the thickness of top rock(intermediary weathered sandstone)is less than 6.0m,which leads to high possibility and dangerousness of land subsidence;when the depth burial of goaf roof is more than 10m and less than 50m and the thickness of top rock(intermediary weathered sandstone)is more than 6.0m,the surface stability is also poor.With well surface stability in the area where the depth burial of goaf roof is more than 50m,there are also possibility and risk of land subsidence when constructing high-rise residential buildings.According to the engineering geological conditions,structure characteristics and the actual situation of the mined-out areas,the paper adopts the project of drilling and backfilling grouting control,atmospheric pressure perfusion of high water consolidation materials.Also,the technological parameters and working system that suit the project are established.After research and engineering practice,the paper presents a set of suitable technology system for mined-out areas prospecting,mined-out areas control and the quality monitoring and evaluation after construction,which can provide referential engineering practice for other similar projects.更多还原