【作者】 马海涛；

【导师】 郑军男；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 法律硕士（法学）（专业学位）， 2018， 硕士

【摘要】 “连环诈骗”是指行为人先实施第一个欺骗行为获取财物,然后以骗得的财物为工具实施第二个欺骗行为的新型诈骗手段。此类案件民刑交叉、法律关系错综复杂,司法实践中对此类案件的处理存在着较大争议。通过对典型案件进行分析,可以发现,其争议焦点主要体现在:一罪抑或数罪、数罪关系:连续犯抑或牵连犯、罪名适用:合同诈骗罪抑或诈骗罪等。其中一罪抑或数罪的争议实质上是被害人财产损失的认定、事后不可罚行为的适用、民事欺诈与诈骗行为的界分等理论争议。针对以上争议,本文从诈骗罪基本理论的角度对其进行了逐一探讨。对于被害人财产损失中“财产损失”的地位。就财产类犯罪而言,无论其犯罪构成要件是否明确规定了“财产损失”,“财产损失”均是其犯罪构成要件的必备要素。对于财产损失中“财产”的认定,本文认为宜采用“折中说”,即具有经济价值,且不被法秩序所非难的利益。对于财产损失中“损失”的认定,本文认为宜采用“实质的个别财产损失说”,从法益侵害的角度判断受骗人是否遭受了个别财产损失。对于财产损失的判断时点,本文认为应以“行为时”为判断基点,且不应考虑追赃等救济程序。对于事后不可罚行为,从本质上看,其与被害人财产损失理论相通,均以“法益侵害”为理论基础,但其作为解决罪数问题的重要理论之一,主要适用于前行为与后行为存在一定延伸关系,且后行为与前行为侵害的法益具有同一性的情形。对于诈骗行为与民事欺诈的界分。民事欺诈与诈骗行为之间属于一般与特殊的关系,民事欺诈向诈骗行为转化的界限主要在于“非法占有目的”的判定。此外,由于民事责任与刑事责任分属于不同的评价体系,适用不同的证明标准,因此,对于诈骗行为与民事欺诈的评价也应独立进行,构成民事欺诈并不排除诈骗罪的适用。对于“连环诈骗”成立数罪时的数罪关系。从“主观说”、“类型化说”的角度看,行为人的前行为与后行为之间存在着类型化的手段行为与目的行为的牵连关系,符合牵连犯的构成。牵连犯的实质在于数罪之间的牵连关系,罪名仅是其外在特征,并非其认定的依据。若将行为人的前后行为触犯不同罪名作为牵连犯的认定依据,就会出现罪名不同的牵连关系按牵连犯处罚,而罪名相同的牵连关系则按连续犯处罚的矛盾。对于诈骗罪抑或合同诈骗罪的罪名适用问题。从体系解释的角度看,诈骗罪侵犯的法益是公私财产所有权,而合同诈骗罪侵害的法益是社会主义市场秩序和公私财产所有权,与诈骗罪相比,合同诈骗罪侵犯的是双重法益。因此,对于合同诈骗罪中“合同”的界定,应从实质上判断其是否体现了市场经济秩序,是否发生于经济交往过程中。对于“连环诈骗”中不作为义务的来源,“连环诈骗”中行为人的告知义务来源于交易习惯与交易规则,行为人刻意隐瞒担保物真实来源的行为违背了其作为交易一方的告知义务。对于财产性利益能否成为诈骗罪的行为对象,财产性利益与狭义的财物具有密切联系,财产性利益的损失会直接或间接造成狭义财物的损失,因此,对财物的理解应做作扩大解释,将财产性利益纳入财产犯罪的行为对象。综上,“连环诈骗”中行为人的前后欺骗行为均构成合同诈骗罪或诈骗罪,且前后欺骗行为之间存在牵连关系,应按牵连犯处罚。对于合同诈骗罪中“合同”的界定,应从法益的角度,判断其是否体现了社会主义市场经济秩序,是否发生在签订或履行合同过程中。更多还原

【Abstract】 Serial fraud refers to a new type of fraud that the perpetrator implements the first act of deception to obtain the property and then implements the second fraud.The judicial practice has a great deal of disputes on the handling of such cases.Through analysis of typical cases,found that the focus of dispute mainly for: number a sin or number of crimes: the relationship between several crimes: implicated offense or serial offender,etc.The dispute of one crime or several crimes is essentially a dispute between the identification of the victim’s property loss,the application of the unpunished behavior after the fact,and the boundary between civil fraud and fraud.In view of the above disputes,this paper discusses it from the Angle of the basic theory of fraud.The determination of the victim’s property loss.The crime of fraud belongs to property crime,and "property loss" belongs to the essential elements of the crime of fraud.In the loss of property,"property" is considered to be a "in the middle",defined as economic value,and not the interests of the disapproval by legal order.The determination of "loss" in the loss of property should adopt the "substantial individual property loss",and judge whether there are individual legal person property losses from the Angle of legal interest infringement.The loss of property should be determined at the time of the act,not to consider the pursuit of the stolen goods and the mortgage rights.However,the after-event punishment is regarded as an important theory to solve the problem of the number of crimes,which is mainly applicable to the existence of a certain extension of the fore-and-aft action,and the fact that the back behavior and the previous behavioral damage have identity.Analysis of fraud and civil fraud.The relationship between the civil fraud and the fraud is the general and special relationship.The key to the transformation of the civil fraud to the fraud is whether the actor has the "illegal possession purpose".For the relationship between the two,civil liability and criminal responsibility belong to different evaluation system,which applies to different constitutive requirements and proof standards.The evaluation of both should be carried out independently.In addition,"the purpose of illegal possession" of time shall be the person to implement fraud,specific ability of cognizance should from the actor’s performance,and the evaluation of the performance of mean.The relationship between the crimes of serial fraud.From the perspective of "subjectively speaking" and "typification",where exists the relation between the behavior of typification and the behavior of destination in the behavior of the actor,which is consistent with the constitution of the implicated offense,and the offender should be punished according to the implication.The essence of the implicated offense lies in the relation between several crimes,and the crime is only the external characteristic,not the basis of identification.If only because of behavior before and after breaking the same charges,punish the serial offender on the serial offender,which will punish offender on the serial offender to the same connection relations,but for different implications for relations choose a heavier punishment.The apply of fraud or contract fraud in "serial fraud".From the perspective of system interpretation,the crime of contract fraud infringes on the dual legal benefits,namely,the socialist market order and the ownership of public and private property,while the crime of fraud infringes on the ownership of public and private property.From the perspective of legal interests,the definition of "contract" in the crime of fraud of the contract should be in reference to "contract law",and whether it disturbed the market.There are other controversies about "serial fraud" in the academic circle such as breach of duty and property interests.In this paper,it is considered that omission can be used as a crime of fraud,and the obligation of disclosure is derived from trading habits and rules,and the behavior of the actor to conceal the real source of the guaranty violates the obligation of the guarantor.Property interests are closely related to the narrow sense of property,and the loss of property interests will directly or indirectly cause the loss of narrow sense of property.It is also a realistic demand of judicial practice to expand the interpretation of property to contain the property interests of property crimes.To sum up,this paper considers that the behavior of the actor in "serial fraud" is a crime of contract fraud or fraud.The relation between several crimes belongs to the connected relationship and should be punished according to the serious crime.The application of the crime of contract fraud should judge whether its action infringes on the order of socialist market economy and whether it occurs in the process of signing or executing the contract.更多还原