【作者】 周伟；

【导师】 陈仪；

【作者基本信息】 苏州大学 ， 法律硕士（专业学位）， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 1989年《行政诉讼法》实施以来,在促进政府依法行政和维护行政相对人合法权益方面发挥了重要作用。但同时,行政诉讼制度的固有缺陷也日益突出,行政案件数量长期处于低位,行政相对人胜诉率低,上诉率、申诉率却持续上升。行政案件管辖制度是行政诉讼中最基本、最重要的组成部分之一,现行行政诉讼管辖制度存在着司法辖区和行政区划高度重合、一审法院级别太低、对原告选择管辖法院的权利保障不够等问题,这其中既有制度设计上的问题,也有体制上和文化上的因素。为解决行政管辖制度存在的问题,理论界和实务界均作了深入探讨和实践。其中,提级管辖会造成不同层级法院之间案件数量失衡,中院和高院行政案件过多,且会增加诉讼成本。异地交叉管辖破坏了行政诉讼程序的安定性,增加了诉讼双方的成本。相对集中管辖会造成各基层法院案件负担不均衡,集中管辖法院审判压力过大,且很难避免地方政府互相帮助等问题。跨行政区划法院、巡回法庭只管辖一小部分重大、复杂的行政案件,不具有广泛代表性,能否全面推广存在疑问。铁路运输法院试点集中管辖行政案件存在着铁路法院布局不合理、增加诉讼成本以及案件压力过大等问题。行政法院因设立成本过高存在争议。行政诉讼管辖制度的改革应当打破司法辖区与行政区划高度一致的现状,力求最大限度地摆脱地方政府的干预。笔者建议完善我国行政诉讼管辖制度的思路“分两步走”,现阶段全面推进铁路法院集中管辖行政案件试点工作,时机成熟时将铁路法院转换成行政法院,从根本上解决行政诉讼管辖制度的问题。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since the implementation of the Administrative Procedure Law in 1989,it has played an important role in safeguarding the lawful rights and interests of the administrative relative and promoting the administrating according to law.At the same time,the inherent shortcomings of administrative litigation system are increasingly prominent.The number of administrative cases is small for a long time;the relative win-win rate is relatively low while the appeal rate and the complaint rate continue to rise.Administrative Jurisdiction System is one of the most basic and important parts in administrative litigation.The current administrative litigation jurisdiction system has the following problems.There is a high degree of overlapping of judicial jurisdiction and administrative divisions;the level of first instance court is too low,and the plaintiff don’t have enough right to choose jurisdiction court.As well as the system design problems,there are institutional and cultural factors.In order to solve the problems of the administrative jurisdiction system,both theoretical and practical circles have made in-depth exploration and practice.Among them,the escalation of the jurisdiction will overload the Intermediate Court and the High Court administrative with heavy cases,and will increase the cost of litigation.Cross-jurisdictional jurisdiction undermines the stability of administrative proceedings,increasing the cost of litigation.Relatively centralized jurisdiction will result in imbalanced burden of grass-roots court cases,higher pressure on the trial of centralized jurisdiction,and the difficulty in avoiding mutual help between local governments and so froth.Cross-administrative division of the court and the circuit court only take charge of a small part of the major and complex but not widely representativeadministrative cases.And there is some doubt whether it can be fully promoted.The railway administration court has carried out the Pilot Work of the Relatively Centralized Jurisdiction of Administrative Cases.There are some problems such as unreasonable layout of railway court in centralized jurisdiction of administrative cases,increasing litigation cost and too much pressure of case.Administrative courts are controversial because of the high cost of setting up.The reform of the administrative litigation jurisdiction system should aim at exploring the establishment of the judicial jurisdiction system which is separated from the administrative divisions properly,and try to get rid of the intervention of the local government to the maximum extent.The author recommended taking two steps to perfect China ’s Administrative Litigation Jurisdiction.At the present stage,it is necessary to push the railway courts to concentrate on the administrative cases,and when the time is ripe,the railway courts will be transformed into the administrative courtsso as to fundamentally solve the problem of the administrative litigation jurisdictional system.更多还原