延安时期中国共产党组织制度建设研究

【作者】 张建；

【导师】 阎树群；

【作者基本信息】 陕西师范大学 ， 马克思主义中国化研究， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 习近平在十八届中央纪委三次全会上发表重要讲话,指出党的力量来自组织,强调党的组织制度非常重要,必须严格执行,从而为党要管党、从严治党提供制度保障,以应对纷繁复杂的外部挑战,保证自身的组织体系稳定运行,实现长期执政。这是中国共产党自1921年建党以来,历经各种挑战和考验总结出的成功经验。早在中国红军到达延安之前,中国共产党就对组织制度建设进行了不断探索,在反“左”右倾错误的过程中认真总结经验教训,初步形成自上而下的组织系统,明确了民主集中制的相关原则,这为之后的组织制度建设奠定基础。延安时期,面对日本帝国主义的疯狂侵略,中国共产党克服关门主义,大量发展党员,短时期的党组织扩大为组织制度建设提出了更高的要求。延安时期,中国共产党经过长期的革命实践,对组织制度的理论认识进一步深化,更加强调在实践中逐步贯彻落实,对组织制度建设做出了重大贡献。一方面,形成了与中国国情、党情相结合的组织制度建设思想。第一,深化对民主集中制科学内涵的认识,它是民主和集中辩证统一的有机体,是平衡党员权利和政党权力的制度,是解决党组织内外矛盾的方法和手段。第二,创造性地将民主集中制与群众路线相结合,进一步丰富了民主集中制的内涵。第三,丰富具体组织制度建设理论,确立马克思主义组织路线。另一方面,以民主集中制为根本原则,围绕党内权力配置、党的领导和党内组织生活三方面展开对组织制度建设的实践探索。其中规范党内权力配置主要体现在党内权力授予机制与制约机制两方面,对于制约机制主要从监督委员会这一组织机构的设置、职权入手。规范党的领导的组织制度主要为集体领导与个人分工负责相结合制度,报告制度和会议制度,保证党的集中领导,加强组织纪律。为了更好解决党组织迅速扩大带来的各种问题,中国共产党以党员、领导干部及基层组织为主体建立了相关制度,使得党组织的管理更加规范化。延安时期党没有将民主集中制停留于原则层面,而是通过理论与实践的探索形成了较为严格的制度,为我党完善组织制度建设积累了经验:第一,组织制度建设要树立具体问题具体分析的态度,针对不同地区和不同战争形势不断调整制度设置;第二,要正确处理组织整合能力与组织规模之间的关系,达到数量与质量的有机统一;第三,必须坚决贯彻党的政治路线,维护全国人民的根本利益。第四,完善制度运行程序及监督机制。由于延安时期党的组织制度建设刚刚步入正常化轨道,不可避免地暴露出在运行程序和监督机制的局限性。在新的历史条件下,科学总结延安时期党的组织制度建设的成功经验,给予我们诸多重要启示:以党章为根本,推进依法治党;以增强党性修养为着力点,加强组织制度建设的科学性;以带动群众工作为重要保证,完善基层党组织相关制度。更多还原

【Abstract】 Xi jinping delivered an important speech in the 18th session of the central commission for discipline inspection’s the third plenary meeting,who pointed out that the power of the party from the organization and emphasized the party organization system is so important that it must be strictly implemented for governing party to provide institutional guarantee,coping with the complicated external challenges,keeping its organization system and stable operation and achieving long-term ruling.This is successful experience summarized by the Chinese communist party withstanding a variety of challenges and tests since founding in 1921.Long before the Chinese Red Army reaching Yan’an,the communist party of China had continuously explored the organization system construction,which initially formed a top-down organizational system and confirmed the relevant principles of democratic centralism.All of the above laid the groundwork for the organization system construction in Yan’an period.In this period,facing the madness of Japanese imperialism invasion,the communist party of China overcame the closed-doorism and developed a large number of new party members.Rapidly expanding of the party organization put forward higher and higher requirements in the organization system constructionIn the Yan’an Period,the communist party of China further deepened the understanding about the theory of organization system and especially emphasized the importance of implementation in practice step by step after a long period of revolutionary practice,which made a significant contribution to the organization system construction.On the one hand,it formed these ideas about organization system construction combining with China’s national and Party conditions.First,it deepened the understanding of the scientific connotation of democratic centralism.It is the dialectical unification of democracy and centralism,organism to balance the rights of party members and the system of political power and the method and means to solve the external or internal contradictions about the party organization.Second,it creatively combined the democratic centralism and the mass line to further enrich the connotation of democratic centralism.Third,it enriched the specific theory about the organization system construction and established marxist organizational line.Considering the democratic centralism as a fundamental principle,on the other hand,it strengthened the practical exploration on the organization system construction around three aspects which included the Party power configuration,the leadership of the Party and the Party organizational life.Standardizing the power configuration within the Party mainly embodied the power granting mechanism and restriction mechanism.The restriction mechanism mainly was from Settings and powers of the oversight committee.Standardizing the organization system on the leadership of the Party mainly contained the system that combined collective leadership with division of responsibilities among individuals,report system and conference system,which guaranteed the centralized leadership of the Party and strengthen the organizational discipline.In order to solve various problems brought by the party organization rapidly expanding,thinking of the party members,leading cadres and the organizations at the grass-roots level as the main body,the communist party of China set up a series of relevant systems to make the management of Chinese Communist Party more standardized.During the Yan’an period,the Party didn’t put the principle of democratic centralism on level but to form a relatively strict rules through the exploration of theory and practice and accumulate experience for improving our organization system:first,for the organization system construction,we must set up the attitude of the analyzing the specific issues to constantly adjust the system setting according to different regions and different war situation;Second,we must correctly handle the relationship between organization integration and the scale of organization to achieve an organic unity of quantity and quality;Third,we must resolutely implement the party’s political line and maintain the fundamental interests of the nation.;Fourth,we need to perfect the system to run the program and supervision mechanism.because the construction of the party organization system just was into the normal orbit in the Yan’an period,the limitations of supervision mechanism and the system to run the program were inevitably exposed.Under the new historical conditions,scientifically summarizing the successful experience of the party organization system construction in the Yan’an period gives us many important enlightenments,which include considering the Party Constitution as basics to impel the party to rule in accordance with the law,taking strengthening the party spirit as the main focus to enhance the scientific nature of the organization system construction,thinking of drive the mass work as an important guarantee to improve the relevant systems of the party organizations at the grass-roots level.更多还原