【作者】 张涛；

【导师】 史冬岩； 刘江；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工程大学 ， 机械工程（专业学位）， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 齿轮传动以其结构紧凑、传动比恒定和使用寿命长等优点成为机械设备行业最重要的传动形式,并得到了高速的发展。齿轮正常运转时,齿轮的弹性变形和啮合齿对的变化导致其啮合刚度不断变化,形成动态变化的啮合力并最终引发箱体的强烈振动;同时齿轮在啮合冲击阶段的冲击特性、齿面接触动应力及齿根弯曲动应力等性能指标与齿轮的疲劳失效密切相关,直接决定了其承载能力。因此准确预测齿轮啮合刚度、动态啮合性能指标和箱体的振动具有重要的意义。本文针对某型人字齿轮箱,应用有限元分析方法,进行了其传动系统的动力学仿真和箱体的振动响应分析。首先,总结了齿轮系统动力学的一般求解过程,采用集中参数法建立了计入齿轮传动误差、啮合综合刚度和啮合阻尼等激励参数的6自由度人字齿轮传动系统数学模型,得到了其动力学模型对应的质量、阻尼和刚度矩阵及外力列阵。其次,从斜齿轮加载传递误差入手,结合有限元静力加载接触算法计算斜齿轮时变啮合刚度,按刚度并联方式求解得到了人字齿轮时变啮合刚度曲线,并进一步分析了齿轮轮毂、载荷和弹性模量等参数对人字齿轮半斜齿时变啮合刚度的影响规律。第三,建立了人字齿轮全齿啮合有限元分析模型,采用显式动态接触算法求解得到人字齿轮在启动加速阶段的动态啮合性能相关指标曲线,并分析了系统阻尼、转速和载荷对人字齿轮啮合冲击特性及齿根弯曲动应力的影响规律。最后,建立了齿轮传动系统和齿轮箱体的有限元模型,对主从动轴和箱体进行约束模态分析,并通过齿轮传动系统的多体动力学仿真,得到主从动轴轴承处的支反力,结合模态叠加法求解了齿轮箱体的振动响应。通过以上针对人字齿轮系统啮合刚度、动态啮合性能和箱体振动响应的研究,在一定程度上预测了其在具体工况下的动力学特性,为人字齿轮的动态设计及振动控制提供了指导作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 The gear transmission,which is characterized by compact-sized,constant drive ratio and long service life,has become one of the most important transmission types and achieved rapid expansion.The time-varying mesh stiffness caused by the elastic deformation of gears and the cyclical continuing change of the gear pair makes the dynamic meshing force vary with time and finally leads to strong vibration of the gear box.In addition,during the process of meshing impact,the gear impact performance,the tooth contact dynamic stress,the dedendum bending dynamic stress and other performance index determine the bearing capacity directly.So it’s of great significance to exactly predict the meshing stiffness and dynamic meshing performance index of gears and the vibration of the gear box.In this paper,based on the finite element analysis method for a certain herringbone gear box,the transmission system’s dynamic simulation and the gear box’s impact response analysis are performed.Firstly,the general solution process of the dynamic problems of the gear transmission system is summarized;taking some incentive parameters,i.e.,the gear transmission error,the comprehensive meshing stiffness and the meshing damping into consideration,the mathematical model of the herringbone gear transmission system which contains six degrees of freedom is built,and its corresponding mass matrix,damping matrix,stiffness matrix and external force vector are obtained.Secondly,starting from the helical gear transmission error with loading and using the static contact algorithm,the time-varying mesh stiffness of helical gears is obtained first,based on which,the time-varying mesh stiffness of the herringbone gear is easily calculated according to their parallel relationship;in addition,the effects of the gear hub,load and elastic modulus on the meshing stiffness of half of the herringbone gear are studied.Then,a herringbone gear model with all the meshing teeth is constructed in ABAQUS software;on the basis of it,the curves of the dynamic meshing performance index are acquired using the explicit dynamic contact algorithm and the effects of system damping,rotational speed and load on the gear dynamic meshing performance and the dynamic dedendum bending stress are studied.At last,the finite models of the gear transmission system and the gear box are built respectively;the modal analysis with constraints of the active-following axes and the gear box is performed;by the simulation analysis on multi-body dynamics of the herringbone gear transmission system,the reaction forces of the bearings of the active-following axes are calculated,and then the vibration response of the gear box is achieved combining with the modal superposition method.The study for the meshing stiffness and dynamic meshing performance of the herringbone gear transmission system and the vibration response of the gear box can be used to predict their dynamic characteristics under specific conditions to a degree,which can provide guidance to the dynamic design and vibration control.更多还原