【作者】 李晓燕；

【导师】 侯旭；

【作者基本信息】 东南大学 ， 外国语言学及应用语言学， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 语言承载着一个国家的文化和灵魂,更能彰显一个国家的实力。在这样的大环境下,各个国家争相进行语言推广,中国也不例外。如何使汉语更好地得到推广成为当今的一大议题。中国以孔子学院为依托进行汉语的国际传播,迄今已有13年的经验,很多学者进行了多方面的调研,但较少涉及推广成效以及国家政策实施情况。因此,本研究聚焦于汉语国际推广战略的实施,以孔子学院语言推广机构为依托,主要采用定性分析的研究方法对所收集的海外孔子学院教师问卷和学生问卷进行分析,探究孔子学院在实践汉语推广政策道路上遇到的困难和挑战并根据研究发现提出相应的建议。教师问卷发放对象为现任职于或曾任职于海外孔子学院的中国汉语教师以及志愿者,笔者通过网络和导师以及朋友相助找到相关参与对象,并把由问卷星网站创建的教师问卷链接通过邮件或聊天工具发放给他们。共发放100份问卷,收回100份。学生问卷发放对象为海外孔子学院汉语学习者,笔者借助教师问卷参与对象的帮助来发放学生问卷纸质版,共发放110份问卷,收回100份。研究发现,在本地化方面,孔子学院缺乏合适教材和用目标语教学的汉语教师以及并未完全实现教学与职业培训的结合;在政治化方面,教师会无意识联系社会主义制度背景,孔院的文化目的和教学目的仍需着重强调;在功能实现方面,汉语学习者没有足够的交流机会,对中国各类文化缺少了解;在教学资源方面,较少学生使用网上孔院和其他学习方式,汉语教师留任意愿不强,孔院缺少完善的教学评价系统;另外,各孔院之间缺乏交流合作,“企业奖学金”实施不顺,较少教师开展孔院汉语教学学术研究等。针对以上问题,本研究提出了相应策略。从本地化方面来说,孔子学院应该在教材话题、内容、语言方面做出调整,增加本地汉语教师和会说目标语的中国汉语教师的数量以及开设和学生职业相关的课程;从政治化方面来说,汉办应该控制资金的投入,寻求与企业合作并且对中国汉语教师进行培训以减少政治误解的发生;从孔子学院的功能方面来说,孔院应该提供足够的中国文化与语言信息咨询服务并且为汉语学习者和中国学生创造交流的机会;从孔院教学资源来说,培养长期从事国际汉语教学的教师,培养国际汉语专业的本科生以及相关教学材料内容的整改和教学评价系统的完善应该加以重视,并且加强网上孔院及其他学习途径的宣传;最后,有关孔院其他方面如每个地区各孔院之间应该加强合作与交流;企业奖学金的建立和鼓励教师开展学术研究的措施应当加快实践步伐。更多还原

【Abstract】 Language not only carries the culture and spirit of one country but also represents power of the country.In this situation,most countries put their attention on language promotion.China is also a member of them.Since the establishment of the first Confucius Institute(CI),a lot of professors and researchers have done some academic research on it,but just some of them focus on the implementation of Chinese international promotion policy.Therefore,this paper tries to make some contributions to it.In this paper,the qualitative research method is mainly employed when this paper pays attention to the teachers and learners’ perceptions of CIs and the significance of the perceptions,which are obtained by the questionnaires designed for oversea Chinese teachers and volunteers and oversea Chinese learners in CIs.With the help of author’s supervisor and friends and the internet,the participants of questionnaire for teachers are found.They are formal Chinese teachers and Chinese volunteers who are working at present or once worked in CIs.The author firstly edits the questionnaires and publishes them on www.sojump.com,and sends the linkage to the teachers and volunteers by Wechat,QQ or email.Of 100 formal questionnaires,100 are useful.The participants of questionnaire for learners are Chinese learners who learn in CIs and are found by some formal Chinese teachers and Chinese volunteers in CIs.Of 110 formal questionnaires,100 are useful.Based on the research related to oversea Chinese teachers and volunteers and oversea Chinese learners in CIs,the paper finds that there are still some problems in the development of CIs.From the perspective of localization,a lack of native teaching materials,the unsuccessful combination of Chinese teaching and learners’ future careers and a lack of native Chinese teachers and Chinese teachers speaking the target language need to be solved.From the perspective of politicization,many teachers often unconsciously relate Chinese language teaching to socialist system and the nature of CIs still need to be stated.From the perspective of functions,a lack of communication opportunities for Chinese learners and a lack of adequate information about Chinese culture are serious problems.From the perspective of teaching and learning resources,only a few learners choose to use online CIs and other means to learn Chinese;most Chinese teachers and volunteers will not choose to extend their term;there is a lack of sound evaluation system of teaching practice in CIs.From the perspective of related topics,there is a lack of cooperation among CIs and establishment of "Enterprise Scholarship";only a few Chinese teachers will do some research related to CIs.Therefore,the author offers the corresponding suggestions from five perspectives.From the perspective of localization,CIs should manage to realize the localization of textbooks’ topic,content and language and increase the number of native Chinese teacher and the teachers speaking the target language;from the perspective of politicization,the control of financial support,the cooperation between CIs and enterprises and the training of Chinese teachers should be emphasized;from the perspective of functions,CIs should provide adequate information and service about Chinese culture and language and communication opportunities;from the perspective of teaching and learning resources,online CIs,the long-term Chinese teachers,the join of undergraduate teachers,the content of textbooks and evaluation system of teaching should be taken into consideration;from the perspective of related topics,cooperation among CIs,the establishment of "Enterprise Scholarship" and the encouragement given to teachers to do research should be put into practice.更多还原