【作者】 徐亮；

【导师】 李舒宏；

【作者基本信息】 东南大学 ， 动力工程及工程热物理， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 随着太阳能光伏发电技术的逐渐成熟,近些年来得到了迅速推广和利用。但在实际运行过程中,太阳能光伏电池工作温度逐渐升高,降低了光伏电池的光电转换效率。太阳能光伏光热一体化利用(PV/T)技术,在提高光电转换效率的同时,能够产生热能效益,提高太阳能综合利用率。本文通过理论模拟与实验相结合的研究方法,对不同型式PV/T热水系统在不同典型地区展开对比研究,为不同地区不同使用目的的用户选择PV/T热水系统的型式提供理论依据。本文研究工作主要包含以下几个方面:(1)对热泵型、水冷型、热管型三种PV/T热水系统进行理论分析,分别建立三种PV/T热水系统的数学模型,与此同时,采用MATLAB软件以及REFPROP物性计算软件编写三种PV/T热水系统模拟程序,对系统的全天动态性能进行模拟计算。(2)设计和搭建水冷型、热管型PV/T热水系统实验测试平台,利用该测试平台以及本课题组已有的热泵型PV/T热水系统实验测试平台,分别测试了三种系统在南京地区气象条件下的热、电输出性能,分析系统运行过程中各个参数的变化规律;同时,将多组实验结果与模拟结果对比,结果表明,各参数的模拟值与实验值的吻合较好,平均误差均在9%以内,因此,本文中所建立的三种PV/T热水系统数学模型可以从一定程度上模拟真实系统。(3)根据拉萨、昆明、南京、贵阳四个地区典型气象年气象参数,利用已验证的数学模型,对三种PV/T热水系统在该四个地区内的全年逐日运行性能进行详细计算,同时,提出制电能源消耗、总能源消耗率评价标准,对各PV/T系统性能进行评价分析。结果表明:在各地区内,若用户以发电为主要目的,用户可优先选用热管型PV/T系统,四个地区内的热管型PV/T系统全年总制电能源消耗率分别为7.95、5.83、4.41、4.00;若用户以综合能量收益为主要目的且无温度要求,则优先选用水冷型PV/T系统,四个地区内的水冷型PV/T系统全年无辅助加热总能源消耗率分别为42.9、32.7、23.8、20.5;若用户以综合能量收益为主要目的且考虑温度要求,在太阳能资源丰富带和资源较富带的拉萨、昆明地区,用户可优先选用水冷型PV/T系统,两地区内水冷型PV/T系统全年有辅助加热总能源消耗率分别为7.04、4.29;在太阳能资源一般带和资源贫乏带的南京、贵阳地区,用户可优先选用热泵型PV/T系统,两地区内热管型PV/T系统全年有辅助加热总能源消耗率分别为3.26、2.40。(4)与电加热系统相比,除在太阳能资源贫乏带的贵阳地区的热泵型PV/T系统外,其余各地区内PV/T系统,包括贵阳地区内的水冷型、热管型PV/T系统,均具有一定的经济效益,均能够在满足用户能源需求的同时,能够节省资金费用具有一定可行性和实际推广价值。同时,各地区内的PV/T系统均具有优越的环境效益、能够降低对生态环境的污染。更多还原

【Abstract】 Solar PV technology has beening mature,which obtains a quick popularization and application in recent years.However,in the actual operation of solar photovoltaic power generation system,the photovoltaic cell operating temperature gradually increases,reducing the photovoltaic cell photoelectric conversion efficiency.The hybrid phtovoltaic/thermal(PV/T)technology improves photoelectric conversion efficiency,and this techonolgy can generate thermal enegy,so it can improve the comprehensive utilization of solar energy.In this paper,through the combination of theoretical simulation and experimental research methods,a comparative study of different types of PV/T hot water systems in different typical areas is provided,which provides a theoretical basis for the selection of PV/T hot water system for users with different purposes.The research work mainly includes the following aspects:(1)Based on the theoretical analysis of three types of PV/T hot water systems,the mathematical models of PV/T hot water system were established.At the same time,These PV/T hot water system simulation programs were established by using MATLAB and REFPROP physical property calculation software,and the whole day dynamic performance of the system was simulated.(2)Water type and heat pipe type PV/T hot water system experimental test platforms were designed and constructed.By using the two test platforms and the existing heat pump type PV/T hot water system experimental test platform,the thermal and electrical output performance of the three systems in the meteorological conditons of Nanjing were tested,and the variation rules of the parameters were analyzed.Meanwhile,comparing the experimental results with the simulation results,the results showed that the simulated values of parameters were in good agreement with the experimental values,and the average errors were within 9%.Therefore,the three PV/T sysem mathematical models can simulate the real system to a certain extent.(3)According to the typical meteorological parameters of four regions in Lhasa,Kunming,Nanjing and Guiyang,the annual performance of the three PV/T hot water systems in the four regions were calculated by using the validated mathematical model.This paper presented the evaluation criteria of the power generation energy consumption and the total energy consumption rate of the system,and evaluated the performance of each PV/T system.Reshults show that if the user is the main purpose of the power generation in each region,the user can give priority to the heat pipe type PV/T system.Four regions of the heat pipe type PV/T system annual total power generation energy consumption rate can reach 7.95、5.83、4.41、4.00.It can be seen that the water type PV/T system is preferred if the user takes the comprehensive energy benefit as the main purpose and no temperature requirement.The total energy consumption rate of water type PV/T system in four regions without auxiliary heating can reach 42.9、32.7、23.8、20.5.If the user proceeds to a comprehensive energy as the main purpose and considers the temperature requirements,the user in solar energy resoure-rich bands and more resource-rich zone in Lhasa,Kunming area can prefers water type PV/T system.The total energy consumption of auxiliary heating in the two areas is 7.04、4.29 respectively;the solar energy resources in general belt and resoures-poor in Nanjing、Guiyang area,the users can give priority to the use of heat pump type PV/T system.The total energy consumption of auxiliary heat for PV/T system in the two regions was 3.26、2.40 respectively.(4)Compared with the electric heating system,in addition to solar energy resuorces in resuores-poor in Guiyang region of the heat pump type PV/T system,the PV/T in the other region including the water type and heat pipe type PV/T systems in Guiyang area,all have certain economic benefits,which can meet the energy demand of user and save the cost of capital.At the same time,the PV/T systems in each region all have excellent environmental benefits,and can reduce the pollution of the ecological environment.更多还原