【作者】 杨阳；

【导师】 侯仕军；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 企业管理， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 研发选址是跨国企业实现研发全球化战略的最重要手段之一,因此,对于研发选址策略和研发选址影响因素方面的研究一直是跨国企业管理和经济地理学者们非常关注的课题。本文,首先通过对学科基本概念、现有理论进行梳理、归纳,重点回顾现有的跨国企业研发中心选址策略模型和选址策略各项影响因素相关理论;然后,通过对在华研发外资企业的研发数量及地理位置分布这两个维度,展开数据分析,找出“数量上”在华跨国企业选择中国作为研发中心设立的由增到减的发展特征和时间拐点,在“区位选择上”具有哪些条件水平的哪些城市或地区更受到跨国企业研发选址策略的“青睐”。在完成理论部分研究之后,利用这些基本知识体系和框架,开始目标行业的研发中心决策实务行为展开全面而细致的实证分析研究。对11家外资企业在华所设立的研发机构的选址决策人员、高层管理人员及研发中心的工作人员进行访谈和问卷调查。通过访谈了解到关于企业实际研发中心选址决策活动的相关信息。并将其总结为四大类型的信息采集点,分别为:设立新研发中心的动因、选址时所考虑的候选地的条件因素、新研发中心中人员的活动内容、管理者对于研发中心选址的绩效考量因素。再将这些信息编辑成为问卷调查中每一条相对应的问题,再进行数据采集。实证部分运用数据分析工具分析和证明了:市场导向型选址和生产支撑型选址是电子及通信设备制造业在华设立研发中心的主要选址决策目的;“选址动因”与“管理者在选址决策中所着重考量的的影响因素”有重要内在关联;“选址动因”与“研发中心活动内容”相关性极为显著,例如:生产支撑型选址动因的研发中心,主要从事产品工艺修改;这些跨国企业在华设立研发中心选址决策的绩效考量主要是通过设立新研发中心后当地销售额变化情况、新研发中心年度项目完成数量、研发项目对企业生产成本降低的总额等来进行考量。根据数据分析结果,深入挖掘分析跨国企业研发选址策略和影响因素之间的作用机制,根据研究结果设计编绘了“研发选址决策基本模型”,并说明其在不同企业和候选地条件变化中的运用。通过全文对学术理论和企业实务操作的整体研究和把握,提出建议:第一,面对国际竞争优势的丧失,中国电子及通信设备制造业可以运用跨国企业研发选址中所发现的研发战略与东道国产业结构的关系,转危为机,全面调整产业结构,塑造新的产业结构和国家整体的地区经济战略布局;第二,加强国家创新力和科研力的提升,加强研发配套建设,从“硬件”设施环境以及“软件”人才技术两方面着手,提升中国的研发空间等级,提高中国的研发世界竞争力,以国际企业研发交流中相对被动的地位;第三,建议战略管理人员在研发选址决策过程中,采用本文所设计的研发选址决策模型来进行研发选址活动的思路梳理,并积极配合东道国的战略布局,从而系统化地、客观地开展研发选址活动。更多还原

【Abstract】 R&D site selection is one of the most important means for MNCs to implement R&D globalization strategy.Therefore,research on R&D site selection and R&D site selection has always been a major issue for multinational corporations and economic geographers.This paper first sorts out and summarizes the basic concepts and existing theories of disciplines,and reviews the relevant theories of various influencing factors in the existing R&D center location strategy model and site selection strategy.Furthermore,through the research on the number of foreign-funded enterprises’ R&D and geographical distribution of these two dimensions,expand the data analysis to find out the number of "multinational companies choose China as R&D center set up by the increase and decrease of the development characteristics and the inflection point of time in the" site selection " What are the conditions of the level of which cities or regions more subject to R&D multinational multinationals "favorite."Using these basic knowledge systems and frameworks after the completion of the theoretical part of the study,which is the base for the target industry R&D center decision-making practice a comprehensive and detailed empirical analysis.Interviewed and surveyed the staff of the site selection and decision-makers,senior management and R&D center of 11 R&D institutions set up by foreign-funded enterprises in China.Through interviews,the relevant information about the location decision of the actual R&D center of the enterprise,and then summarizes them into four types of information collection points,namely:the motivation for setting up a new R&D center,the candidate condition factors considered when selecting a site,the activity contents of personnel in the new R&D center,the managers’ Site performance considerations.Then edit these information into each question in the questionnaire for the corresponding data collection.Using data analysis tools,it analyzes and proves that market-oriented location and production-supported location are the main decision-making targets for the electronics and communications equipment manufacturing industry to set up research and development centers in China."The reason for site selection" and " Site-based decision-making focus on the impact of factors,"there is an important relationship between the "site" and "R&D center activities" is extremely significant correlation,for example:the production of support-driven site research and development center,mainly engaged in product process modification;These multinationals set up R&D centers in China,the site selection decision-making performance considerations mainly through the establishment of a new R&D center changes in local sales,the new R&D center annual project completion number,R&D projects to reduce the total cost of production enterprises to consider.According to the results of data analysis,this paper explores and analyzes the mechanism of interaction between R&D site selection strategies and influencing factors in MNCs.Based on the research results,a "basic model for R&D site selection and decision-making" Explain its application in the change of different enterprises and candidate conditions.Through the academic theory and business practices of the overall research and grasp,this paper suggests Firstly,in the face of the loss of international competitive advantage,China electronic and communication equipment manufacturing industry can use multinational R&D site in the development strategy and industrial structure of the host country,the crisis as an opportunity to fully adjust the industrial structure,industrial structure and create new national overall strategic layout of regional economy;Secondly,to strengthen national innovation and scientific research to enhance the R&D supporting construction,from not only "hardware" but also "Software" talent technology to proceed,to enhance China’s R&D space level,improve China’s R&D world competitiveness,to international business R&D exchange in a relatively passive position;Thirdly,it is suggested that strategic managers should adopt the decision-making model of R&D site selected which was designed in this paper regards the R&D site selection process.It is advantage for the idea of R&D site selection to carry out,and the strategic layout of the host country is actively cooperated with the host country,so as to systematically and objectively carry out the R&D location activities.更多还原