【作者】 祝贺；

【导师】 王祥荣；

【作者基本信息】 苏州大学 ， 纺织工程（专业学位）， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 壳聚糖纤维是以天然产物脱乙酰甲壳质为原料经湿法纺丝工艺制备的一种生物质再生纤维,具有良好的生物相容性和生物降解性,对环境友好。研究天然染料在壳聚糖纤维上的染色对于开发生态型纺织品具有重要意义。本课题主要研究壳聚糖纤维的基本性能以及天然染料在壳聚糖纤维的染色性能和染色工艺。通过电子显微镜和红外光谱对壳聚糖纤维的形态结构和化学结构进行了表征。结果表明所用的壳聚糖纤维为圆形实心截面,表面光滑;红外光谱显示在3423cm^-1左右是形成氢键缔合的-OH伸缩振动吸收峰与-NH的伸缩振动吸收峰重叠而增宽的多重吸收峰。1652cm^-1出现了酰胺I的吸收峰(ν_C=O),并在1599cm^-1处出现δ_N-H的吸收峰,说明所用的壳聚糖纤维脱乙酰度较高。采用X衍射光谱分析了壳聚糖纤维的结晶结构,结果表明,壳聚糖纤维晶态与非晶态两相差别较大,纤维结晶度为32.43%,小于真丝和黏胶纤维的结晶度。为了选择适合于酸性浴染色的酸剂,测试了不同酸剂对壳聚糖纤维性能的影响,实验结果表明,对壳聚糖纤维性能影响的大小顺序:苹果酸>柠檬酸>醋酸>磷酸>硫酸,最终确定硫酸为酸性浴染色过程中pH值调节酸剂。研究了板栗壳色素、红花黄色素、胭脂虫红色素对壳聚糖纤维的吸附动力学性能。研究发现,三种天然染料在壳聚糖纤维上的平衡吸附量都随着温度的升高而增加。三种染料在壳聚糖纤维上的吸附模型均符合准二级动力学方程,可以得出三种天然染料在壳聚糖纤维上的吸附主要是以离子键为主的化学吸附,同时还存在一定的范德华力。试验了板栗壳色素、红花黄色素、胭脂虫红色素、高粱红色素、紫胶色素、栀子黄色素六种天然染料在壳聚糖纤维上直接染色的影响因素,获得了最佳染色工艺条件。测试了天然色素染色壳聚糖纤维的色牢度,结果表明,紫胶色素、胭脂虫红色素、板栗壳色素日晒牢度较好能达到3级及以上,除板栗壳色素以外其他色素染色壳聚糖纤维的皂洗牢度均较差。为了提高染色牢度,进一步研究了金属离子媒染对天然染料在壳聚糖纤维上染色性能的影响,实验结果表明,媒染处理能有效提高染色壳聚糖纤维的K/S值,预媒染色工艺效果更好;铁离子媒染对织物的色光影响比较大,明度下降明显,铝离子影响较小;色牢度测试结果表明,媒染处理后六种染料的日晒牢度均能达到3级以上,栀子黄色素、红花黄色素皂洗牢度可达到4级以上,符合服用要求,其中,后媒染色工艺对色牢度的提高普遍好于预媒染色和同浴媒染工艺。更多还原

【Abstract】 Chitosan fiber is biomass regeneration fiber which is made by a natural product deacetylated chitin in wet spinning process preparation.It has good biocompatibility and degradation.It is friendly to environment.The study of natural dyes dyeing on the chitosan fiber has great significance for the development of eco-textiles.This study majors on the basic properties of chitosan fibers and the dyeing performance and dyeing process of natural dyes on chitosan fibers.The morphology and chemical structure of chitosan fibers were characterized by electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy.The cross section of the fiber was solid and the shape was round.The infrared spectroscopy showed that a multi-absorption peak at which the absorption peak of the-OH stretching vibration and the stretching vibration absorption peak of-NH are overlapped with each other at about 3423 cm^-1.(ν_C=O)appeared at 1652cm^-1,and the absorption peak ofδ_N-H appeared at 1599cm^-1,which indicated that the chitosan fiber had higher degree of deacetylation.The crystal structure of chitosan fibers was analyzed by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy,and compared with silk and viscose fibers.The results showed that chitosan fibers have the same difference between crystalline and amorphous phases as silk and viscose fibers.The crystallinity of Chitosan fiber is 32.43%.Compared with silk and viscose fiber the crystallinity of Chitosan fiber is a little smaller.The effect of different acid agents on the properties of chitosan fibers was tested in order to select the acid agent which is suitable for acid dyeing bath.The results of experiments showed that the order of effect on chitosan fiber was as follows:malic acid>citric acid>acetic acid>sulfuric acid.The sulfuric acid was chosed to be the agent to adjust pH of acidic dyeing bath finally.The adsorption kinetics of chestnut shell pigment,chrysanthemum yellow pigment and carmenum red pigment on chitosan fiber were studied.The result showed that the equilibrium adsorption capacity of the three natural dyes on chitosan fibers increased when the temperature increased.The adsorption models of the three dyes on chitosan fibers are in accordance with the equation of quasi-second adsorption kinetic.It can be concluded that the adsorption of three kinds of natural dyes on chitosan fibers is mainly based on chemical adsorption of ion bonds,and there are also some Van der Waals forces.The factors affecting the direct dyeing of six kinds of natural dyes on chitosan fiber were studied,and the optimum dyeing process was obtained.The fastness of chitosan fibers dyed by natural pigments was tested.The results showed that the light fastness of shellac pigment,carmine red pigment and chestnut shell pigment could reach grade 3 and above,and the water fastness of Chitosan fibers dyed by pigments other than chestnut shell is poor.In order to improve the dyeing fastness,the effect of metal ion mordant on the dyeing properties of natural dyes on chitosan fibers was studied.The results showed that mordant treatment could improve the K/S value of chitosan fibers,and the pre-media dyeing process is the best.The effect of iron ion on the shade of the fabric was relatively large,the brightness decreased significantly,aluminum ion effect is smaller;the test of color fastness showed that the light fastness of six kinds of dyes can reach more than level 3 after mordant.The soap fastness of gardenia yellow pigment,safflower yellow can reach more than level 4,in line with the requirements.After the media dyeing process to improve the color fastness is generally better than the pre-media dyeing and bath with the media dyeing process.更多还原