【作者】 杨光；

【导师】 万斌；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 马克思主义中国化， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 从汉代“独尊儒术”开始,儒家的治国理政之道一直是古代中国国家治理的道统。这个治理之道从善恶之辩的性善论立场出发,对人作“道德人”的设定,其治理思路是以德性的教化为基本路径。这一重教化、轻刑罚的德治之道是历代盛世王朝治国理政的主要方略。儒家的治理之道也体现在人我之辩中仁爱立场的坚守和仁政的治理思路。仁道作为儒家德治的基本内容,它一方面体现为培植黎民百姓仁者爱人的道德觉悟,另一方面则倡导治理者爱人如己的伦理情怀。儒家的治理之道也还体现在义利之辩中守持义在利先的立场和尚义的社会治理理念。这是仁政之道的具体化,它主张居仁由义的人生态度,在涉及义利抉择时提倡义在利先的原则,反对唯利是图。作为这一尚义立场的进一步展开,它倡导尚贤的用人之道,它还积极营造尚英烈的社会风气。儒家的治理之道最终也体现在欲理之辩中以理制欲原则的奉行与治理者节欲的修身之道。这是仁政之道在主政者的人格修行方面的要求。它主张在爱人与爱己发生冲突的时候,克己利人,以理性主义的立场节制自己的私欲,从而以自己的人格魅力赢得人心。这不仅可以为社会治理目标的实现提供来自治理者主体的人格保障,而且也使治理者因立德、立功、立言而名垂史册,生命由此而不朽。儒家的这一德治传统对当今中国如何使法治和德治在国家治理中相互补充、相互促进、相得益彰具有相当的借鉴意义,对推进中国特色国家治理体系的形成和治理能力的提升具有积极的当代启示。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since Confucianism was chosen as the mainstream philosophy of China in Han Dynasty,Confucian ways of ruling state had been the orthodoxy in state-governance throughout ancient China.Starting from the doctrine of good human nature in the debate of good and evil,these ways of ruling state presumed each man as a "moral person",and took moralization as the basic path in its ruling thoughts.This way of virtue ruling-stressing moralization while neglecting penalty-is the main strategy to rule state and deal with politics in successive dynasties.Confucian ways of ruling also find expression in sticking to humanity and policy of benevolence during the debate between others and me.As the basic components of Confucian ruling of virtue,benevolence embodies the cultivation of moral consciousness among civilians that the benevolent love others on the one hand,and advocates the ethical values among rulers that they should love others as themselves on the other hand.The Confucian ways of governing are also reflected in the concept that righteousness should be prior to profit and the former ought to be worshiped by the whole society,which is the embodiment of the benevolent governance approach.It proposes the thought of dwelling in benevolence and righteousness.When it comes to the choices between righteousness and profit.Confucian ways of ruling advocate the principle that righteousness should be taken into account first and the notion of profit-orientation should be discarded.To be further expanded,this standpoint advocates a personnel policy which respects scholars.Besides,it creates a social morality that heroic should be esteemed.Confucian ways of ruling finally find expression in the pursuit of the principle that desire should be constrained by ration and in the way of cultivating morality to promote continence among rulers.Benevolent governance is required in rulers’personality cultivation,which holds that when loving others conflicts with loving oneself,rulers should benefit others at personal expense,and moderate their own desires through a rationalistic standpoint,and thus win the will of the people by personality charm.This not only provides subjective personality guarantee from rulers to realize social governance objectives but also makes rules leave their names in history and their life immortal by cultivating morality,setting up merits and writing books and setting up a theory.This tradition of Confucian virtue rule has great significance of reference for modern China on the issue of how to make rule of law and rule of virtue mutually complement and promote,and bring out the best in each other.It also has a positive contemporary enlightenment in boosting the establishment of national governance system with Chinese characteristics as well as in promoting governance capacity.更多还原