【作者】 刘璐；

【导师】 杨崴； 任军；

【作者基本信息】 天津大学 ， 建筑学（全日制）（专业学位）， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 经过几十年的快速发展,中国的城市化进程逐渐放缓,建筑存量更新已成为我国城市发展的新趋势。在城市建筑存量中,住宅建筑所占比例巨大,且这些住宅已经建成使用20~40年,能耗高、居住舒适度差,而其结构尚比较完好。因此,对于城市住宅建筑存量的更新改造势在必行。目前,从资源环境的视角研究既有住宅建筑更新改造的成果,主要集中于单体建筑运行能耗的降低,或者是对国家和城市层面节能潜力的宏观考量,未能从中观层面研究城市片区建筑存量的改造、运行、维修和拆除动态,及其引起的资源消耗、环境影响和成本,规划决策缺乏量化的辅助工具。因此,为了从该层面上分析住宅建筑更新改造所投入的材料量、成本、碳排放和能源的消耗量等,需要通过对既有建筑的案例研究得出其在生命周期内节能改造的基准流量数据清单。本文选取天津市河北区鸿顺里片区作为研究地块,该片区存在着大量的老旧住宅建筑以及部分具有历史价值的建筑,随着时间的推移,这些建筑大部分需要维修、更新或者拆除新建等。通过实地调研和文献研究,笔者从层数、建筑结构、满足的节能目标等方面,总结出在不同节能阶段和不同建设时期天津市住宅建筑的典型特点,从而为选取典型建筑提供依据。在此基础上,从研究地块中选取四栋建于不同年代的住宅作为典型建筑。根据天津市节能设计标准的规定对典型建筑提出节能改造措施,从而使其达到节能65%和节能75%的目标要求,并通过IES(VE)软件进行能耗模拟验证。同时,建立典型建筑节能改造前和改造后的完整Revit模型,并选取Revit插件——Tally进行生命周期评价,计算出不同节能目标下单位面积典型建筑在改造、运行和拆除新建等生命周期阶段的材料用量、能耗、全球变暖潜能值和成本等指标值,即典型建筑在更新各阶段的基准流量值。基于上述计算结果,对本课题组前期建立的城市建筑存量更新的情景模拟工具FRAGSIM的后台数据和计算方法进行改进;并应用FRAGSIM对典型建筑未来的更新改造动态进行情景模拟,通过对比不同情景的模拟结果,对鸿顺里片区住宅建筑存量动态更新策略提出建议。本研究成果能够为天津及我国华北地区城市住宅建筑存量的更新改造提供研究方法和数据方面的参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 After decades of high-speed development,the Chinese urban construction is slowing down.Planning for the renewal of the built environment has become major concern in China’s urban development.Previous studies related to energy efficient retrofit of the existing building stock mostly focused on operational energy reduction either on individual building or on the national and urban level.The evolution of the urban building stock in a resource conservation perspective needs to be further studied.The material and monetary investment and the embodied energy and carbon of building refurbishment need to be examined.However,the life cycle inventory data for reference buildings need to be refined based on thorough case studies.In this paper,the Hongshunli community at Hebei district in Tianjin is picked as the study case.There are a large number of old and a part of historic buildings,among which most of them need to be repaired,renewed or demolished as time goes by.Through field investigation and data collection,the study summarize the characteristics of different stages of energy saving and the history of construction in Tianjin.Based on the characteristics,the years division of residential buildings is decided and four residential buildings built in differernt years are picked as typical buildings.The goal is to achieve 65% and 75% energy saving by proposing an energy efficient retrofit strategy according to the energy conservation design standard of Tianjin.Meanwhile,the heating demand is validated in IES(VE)software whether it reaches the demand of energy-saving target.On the basis of this,a complete Revit model of the building is built to conduct the life cycle assessment with Tally,and add-in for Revit.The result contains the material consumption,ecology and costs indexes of the typical buildings during the life cycle stages of energy saving renovation,operation,and demolition,providing accurate and complete background data for the existing tool named FRASIM.At last,put forward possible scenarios for energy efficient retrofit and get the results of simulation in FRAGSIM.Through comparisons with the results,advise the best scenario during updating the urban building stock.更多还原