【作者】 张莹；

【导师】 周仁来； 李雪松；

【作者基本信息】 东南大学 ， 应用心理学， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 否定标签,又叫否定词,它是表达否定意义的重要语法角色,任何语言只需一个否定标签,就能表达所有的否定意义。汉语常用的否定标签有两个,“不”和“没有”。否定句理解的关键在于否定标签与否定焦点。为了研究汉语句子加工中否定标签整合的认知机制,并探究工作记忆负荷对汉语否定标签整合的作用,本研究采用事件相关电位方法和两因素被试内设计(工作记忆负载量*句子类型),通过四种条件下的实验句子:低工作记忆负载量肯定句、低工作记忆负载量否定句、高工作记忆负载量肯定句、高工作负载量否定句,考察了工作记忆负荷和句子类型造成的被试的反应时、正确率和P300、P600波幅之间的差异。研究结果表明:(1)本研究发现工作记忆负载量主效应显著,高工作记忆负载量诱发的P300要显著大于低工作记忆负载量。这表明P300是工作记忆的指标,工作记忆刷新越困难,P300波幅越大。在本研究中P300的潜伏期变短,这是因为被试对高、低工作记忆负载句的评估、区分较为容易,而P300的潜伏期反映了被试对刺激的评估时间,当目标刺激较为简单或任务难度较小时,P300潜伏期小,当目标刺激较为复杂或任务难度较大时,P300潜伏期变大。(2)本研究发现在低工作记忆负荷下,肯定句与否定句的目标词诱发的P600没有差异,说明在句子加工的早期阶段,被试先通达的是否定句的被否定状态;在高工作记忆负荷下,否定句诱发的P600波幅要显著强于肯定句,说明在句子加工的早期阶段,被试已经通达到否定句的真实状态,否定标签得以整合到句子信息中。这表明在低工作记忆负荷下,汉语否定标签整合机制符合两步模拟假设;在高工作记忆负荷下,汉语否定标签整合机制符合融合模型。这同时也表明了:当任务难度较小时,被试对句子的加工采取的是知觉符号表征;而当任务难度较大时,被试对句子的加工采取的是命题符号表征。(3)本研究发现工作记忆与句子类型在P600波幅上产生了显著的交互作用。这说明在在句子加工的早期阶段,工作记忆影响了被试对句法复杂性加工,支持工作记忆的单一言语资源理论。更多还原

【Abstract】 Negation marker,which also named negators,plays a important syntactical role in negative sentence accessing,there needs only one negative marker on expressing negative meanings among any languages.There exits two negation marker which commonly used by Chinese called "bu"and "mei".The key of grasping negation sentence is negation marker and negation focus.This study investigated the integration mechanism of negation marker during Chinese sentence processing and the effect of working memory on the integration by using event-related potentials such as P300 and P600 combined with behavior research methods and two factors within-subjects design(working memory*sentence type).Four types criticized sentences were designed based on the experimental objective:low working memory load on affirmative sentence,low working memory load on negative sentence,high working memory load on affirmative sentence,high working memory load on negative sentence.The results showed that:(1)The P300 amplitude induced with high working memory load greater significantly than with low working memory load.So the P300 can be the indication of work memory,and the more difficulty in work memory updating,the larger P300 amplitude will induce.In addition,P300 latency was shorter in our research which caused by the easy task of distinguishing the sentence between high working memory load and low working memory load,so the latency of P300 may reflect the time of evaluating stimulate and task,specifically,the more difficulty the task was,the shorter latency the P300 was.(2)There are no significant differences between negative sentence and affirmative sentence on the amplitude of P600 with low working memory,the results indicate that during the early period of negation sentence,the subject firstly access the negated state of affair;Besides,the P600 amplitude induced by negative sentence greater significantly than affirmative sentence,which indicates that subject already access the actual state of affair.The results show that with the low working memory load,the integration mechanism of negation marker support the two-step simulation hypothesis;with the high working memory load,the integration mechanism support the fusion model.The results also show that:when the task was easy,the subject access the sentence by using perceptual symbol;when the task was difficult,the subject access the sentence by using propositional symbol.(3)The interaction between work memory and sentence type was significant.The results indicated that the research support single verbal resource theory during the the early period of sentence processing.更多还原