【作者】 张丽；

【导师】 贾崇奇； 刘本先；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 公共卫生硕士（专业学位）， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 [目的]为了解潍坊市2008年～2013年农村饮用水的水质卫生状况以及六年来的变化趋势,阐明潍坊市农村饮用水水质整体的卫生现状,探索其发展变化趋势,分析影响因素,找出存在的安全隐患,为水利部门和卫生部门进一步的监管和监测以及政策的制定提供理论依据。[方法]每年年初采用统一编制的各项基本情况调查表,联合水利部门对潍坊市各县市区农村集中式供水基本情况进行调查。对通过基本情况调查所获得的资料进行分析,根据地理位置、供水单位数量、水源类型、消毒状况等在全市所辖的14个县(市、区)中采取分层随机抽样的方法抽取供水单位作为监测点。每个监测点每年于枯水期(3月～5月)和丰水期(7月～9月)各采集水样一次,每次采集出厂水和末梢水各一份,即每个供水单位每年共采集4份水样。水样的采集、保存、运输和检测均按照GB5750-2006《生活饮用水标准检验方法》进行。检测结果按照GB5749-2006《生活饮用水卫生标准》进行评价,检测结果中有一项检测指标不合格即判定为该水样检测结果不合格。每年6月份和10月份对调查到的基本情况和水质检测结果进行汇总、审核和分析。对每年的基本情况调查资料和检测结果用Excel、SPSS软件进行统计分析,用率进行技术资料的统计描述,用χ2检验、二分类logistic回归分析对总体率、变化趋势及影响因素的相关性进行分析。[结果]潍坊市2008年～2013年共采集农村生活饮用水水样4072份,合格1677份,总合格率为41.18%。2008年～2013年每年设置的监测点个数分别为228个、85个、105个、230个、260个、]10个,年度合格率分别为17.76%、28.24%、40.24%、49.57%、50.77%、60.45%,呈逐年上升趋势。2008年～2013年各年度间总合格率差异经χ2检验有统计学意义(χ2=363.80,P<0.05)。2008～2013年枯水期的水样合格率分别为10.31%、32.36%、49.52%、34.35%、52.20%、65.00%,经χ2检验有统计学意义(χ2=278.70,P<0.05);2008～2013年丰水期的水样合格率分别为25.22%、24.12%、30.95%、64.78%、49.04%、55.91%,经χ2检验有统计学意义(χ2=205.65,,P<0.05)。2008～2013年出厂水的水样合格率分别为20.18%、31.18%、42.86%、51.74%、53.27%、62.27%,经χ2检验有统计学意义(χ2=175.86,P<0.05);2008～2013年末梢水的水样合格率分别为 15.35%、25.29%、37.62%、47.39%、48.27%、58.64%,经χ2检验有统计学意义(χ2=189.16,P<0.05)。通过对合格率影响因素进行分析,我们发现水期类型、供水工程规模等因素与水样的检测结果是否合格之间有统计学意义(P<0.05)。[结论]2008年～2013年潍坊的农村地区,主要的饮用水源是地下水,供水工程的规模均以农村小型集中式供水工程为主,大型供水工程较少,大部分对水质未进行消毒处理而直接供人们饮用。潍坊市2008年～2013年农村生活饮用水合格率呈逐年上升趋势,但水质合格率仍然较低。这与当时监测点的选择、水源的污染、农村小型集中式供水工程的管理和卫生设施不完善、资金不足以及供水管网的分布、基层管水人员和农村居民的意识均有关系。建议要高度重视水源保护,多渠道筹集资金,保障农村生活饮用水工程改造运行经费,加快向大中型规模化供水前进的步伐,全面加强农村供水工程水质的检测和监测,充分认识水质净化消毒的重要性,加强基层供水、管水人员和农村居民的饮用水相关卫生知识水平。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objectives:To investigate the hygienic quality of drinking water and change trend in the rural area of Wei Fang during 2008-2013,and elucidate the total hygienic quality of drinking water in the rural area of Wei Fang,explorer the development trend,analysis influence factors,find potential safety hazard,so we can provide theoretical basis for the supervision,surveillance and policy making of the ministry of water resources and health.Methods:We applied unified survey of basic conditions in every early year,and combined with the ministry of water resources to carry on the investigation of the centralized water supply system in the rural area of Wei Fang.We analyzed the data from the basic investigation,and applied stratified random sampling to choose water supply sector as monitoring point from 14 countries of Wei Fang according to geographical position,the number of water supply sector,types of water resources and the situation of disinfection.We collected water sample each one time in the dry season(March to May)and rain season(July to September)by every monitoring point,and each time we collect finished water and tap water each one sample,though we collect four samples from each monitoring point every year.The method of collection,preservation,transportation and detection for the water samples were carried on according to GB5750-2006《the detection method of drinking water》.The results of detection were evaluated according toGB5750-2006《the hygienic standard of drinking water》,the detection result would be judge unqualified if only one detection index was unqualified.We gathered,audited and analyzed the basic situation and detection results of water samples in June and October every year.We applied software of Excel and SPSS to analysis the data of basic situation and detection results every year,and applied rate to analysis enumeration data,then carried on x2test and two-category logistic regression to analysis population rate,development trend and influencing factors.Results:We collected 4072 water samples of drinking water from the rural area in WeiFang,among them 1677 samples were qualified,the total qualified rate was 41.18%.The number of monitoring point we chose was 228,85,105,230,260 and 110 every year during 2008 to 2013,the qualified rate each year was 17.76%,28.24%,40.24%,49.57%,50.77%and 60.45%,the qualified rate was improved gradually each year.Through χ2 test,the difference of total qualified rate had statistical significance each year during 2008 to 2013(χ2=363.80,P<0.05).The total qualified rate of water samples in dry season was 10.31%,32.36%,49.52%,34.35%,52.20%and 65.00%during 2008 to 2013,and the difference had statistical significance(χ2=278.70,P<0.05).The total qualified rate of water samples in rain season was25.22%,24.12%,30.95%,64.78%,49.04%and 55.91%,and the difference had statistical significance(χ2=205.65,P<0.05).The total qualified rate of finished water was 20.18%,31.18%,42.86%,51.74%,53.27%and 62.27%during 2008 to 2013,and the difference had statistical significance(χ2=175.86,P<0.05).The total qualified rate of tap water was 15.35%,25.29%,37.62%,47.39%,48.27%and 58.64%,the difference had statistical significance(χ=189.16,P<0.05).Through analyzed the influencing factors of the total qualified rate,we found that the association between drinking water type,the scale of water supply project and the detection results of water samples had statistical significance(P<0.05).Conclusions:The drinking water sources mainly were groundwater in the rural area of We iFang during 2008 to 2013,the scales of water supply project mainly were miniature centralized project,but the huge projects for drinking water were less,and most of water wasn’t disinfected before providing to people.The qualified rate of drinking water in the rural area of Wei Fang was increased gradually during 2008 to 2013,but the total qualified rate was still quite low.This situation would result in many reasons,such as the choose of monitoring point,the pollution of water resource,the poor management and imperfect equipment of miniature centralized water supply project in the rural area,capital scarcity,the distribution of water supply network,the poor sense of basic staff and rural residents.Therefore,we suggest that the whole society should take a high attention to the protection of water resource,raise money by many aspects to guarantee the fund about reforming and operating the drinking water project in the rural area,apply drinking water by large-medium project as many as possible,strengthen the detection and surveillance of the drinking water in the rural area overall,realize the importance of disinfection to the drinking water adequately,improve the knowledge level about drinking water hygiene towards basic water-supply and management staff.更多还原